Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:33:38.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

SAVARIC, GLASTONBURY AND THE MAKING OF MYTHS: A REAPPRAISAL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2016

Adam Stout*
Affiliation:
Adam Stout, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Historians have long been aware that the vicious feud between the monastery of Glastonbury and its bishop in the early thirteenth century was responsible for turning Glastonbury’s scriptorium into the most astonishing and inventive manufacturer of forged documents. In what Julia Crick has memorably termed ‘the marshalling of antiquity’, new documents were produced and older ones annotated, all tending to demonstrate the antiquity of Christian Glastonbury, and its right to self-government and autonomy, free from external interference. The monastery’s chroniclers were equally partisan, but historians and archaeologists alike have tended to accept their account of Glastonbury’s more recent history at face value. Correcting the chroniclers’ anti-Savaric bias allows for some fresh thinking on the construction of both the Glastonbury mythos and of the abbey building itself. It also raises questions about the remarkable reverence with which scholars continue to treat Glastonbury’s ancient texts.

Type
Papers
Copyright
© The Society of Antiquaries of London 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, L and Carley, J P (eds) 1991. The Archaeology and History of Glastonbury Abbey, Boydell Press, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Appleby, J T (ed) 1963. The Chronicle of Richard of Devizes of the Time of King Richard the First, Thomas Nelson, London Google Scholar
Aurell, M 2007. ‘Henry II and Arthurian legend’, in C Harper-Bill and N Vincent (eds), Henry II: new interpretations, 365394, Boydell Press, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Baker, D 1971. ‘ Viri Religiosi and the York election dispute’, in G J Cuming and D Baker (eds), Councils and Assemblies: papers read at the Eighth Summer Meeting and the Ninth Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, 87100, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
Baker, H K 1930. Glastonbury Traditions Concerning Joseph of Arimathea: being a translation from the Latin of the second chapter of Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates of James Ussher ... published at Dublin in 1639, Covenant Publishing Co., London Google Scholar
Barber, R 2001. ‘Was Mordred buried at Glastonbury? Arthurian tradition at Glastonbury in the Middle Ages’, in Carley 2001a, 145–59 (first published in Arthurian Literature, iv (1985), 37–63)Google Scholar
Baronius, C 1738. Annales ecclesiastici à Christo nato ad ann. 1198, 37 vols, Venturini, Lucca, <https://archive.org/details/annalesecclesias01barouoft> (accessed 18 Feb 2016)+(accessed+18+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Bartlett, R 1982. Gerald of Wales, 1146–1223, Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York Google Scholar
Bartlett, R 2006. ‘Gerald of Wales (c 1146–1220 x23)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10769> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Bozóky, E 2000. ‘Le culte des saints et des reliques dans la politique des premiers rois Plantagenêt’, in M Aurell (ed), La cour Plantagenêt (1154–1204): actes du colloque tenu à Thouars du 30 avril au 2 mai 1999, 277294, Centre d’études supérieures de civilisation médiévale, Poitiers Google Scholar
Carley, J P 1996. Glastonbury Abbey: the holy house at the head of the moors adventurous, Gothic Image Publications, Glastonbury Google Scholar
Carley, J P (ed) 2001a. Glastonbury Abbey and the Arthurian Tradition, D S Brewer, Cambridge Google Scholar
Carley, J P 2001b. ‘A fragment of Perlesvaus at Wells Cathedral Library’, in Carley 2001a, 309–35 (first published in Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, 108 (1/2) (1992), 35–61)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carley, J P and Townsend, D 1985. Chronicle of Glastonbury Abbey: an edition, translation and study of John of Glastonbury’s ‘Cronica sive Antiquitates’, Boydell Press, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Cayon, J (ed) 1857. Chronique de Richer, moine de Senones, traduction française du XVIe, <http://www.blamont.info/textes171.html> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Cheney, M, Smith, D, Brooke, C and Hoskin, P (eds) 2008. English Episcopal Acta 34: Worcester, 1186–1218, Oxford University Press for the British Academy, Oxford Google Scholar
Church, C M 1894. Chapters in the Early History of the Church of Wells: AD 1136–1333 from documents in possession of the Dean and Chapter of Wells, Elliot Stock, London Google Scholar
Crick, J C 1991. ‘The marshalling of antiquity: Glastonbury’s historical dossier’, in Abrams and Carley 1991, 217243 Google Scholar
Dimock, J F 1867. Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Vol. V: Topographia Hibernica, et Expugnatio Hibernica, Rolls Series 21, Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts, London Google Scholar
Everard, J 1998. ‘The “Justiciarship” in Brittany and Ireland under Henry II’, Anglo-Norman Stud, 20, 87105 Google Scholar
Everard, J 2000. Brittany and the Angevins: province and empire, 1158–1203, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gazeau, V 2007a. Normannia Monastica. Vol. 1: Princes normands et abbés bénédictins (Xe–XIIe siècle), Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales, Caen Google Scholar
Gazeau, V 2007b. Normannia Monastica. Vol. 2: Prosopographie des abbés bénédictins (Xe–XIIe siècle), Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales, Caen Google Scholar
Gillingham, J 1999. Richard I, Yale University Press, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Gillingham, J 2010. ‘John (1167–1216)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14841> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Girbea, C 2003. ‘Limites du contrôle des Plantagenêt sur la légende arthurienne: le problème de la mort d’Arthur’, in M Aurell (ed), Culture politique des Plantagenêt (1154–1224), 287301, Centre d’études supérieures de civilisation médiévale, Poitiers Google Scholar
Gransden, A 2001. ‘The growth of the Glastonbury legends and traditions in the twelfth century’, in Carley 2001a, 29–53 (first published in J Eccles Hist, 24 (4) (1976), 337–58)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenaway, D E (ed) 1991. ‘Bishops’, in Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Volume 4: Salisbury, 1–7, <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/fasti-ecclesiae/1066-1300/vol4/pp1-7> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Hearne, T (ed) 1726. Johannis Glastoniensis Chronica sive historia de rebus Glastoniensibus, 2 vols, Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford Google Scholar
Hope, W H St John 1904. ‘Notes on the abbey church of Glastonbury’, Archaeol J, lxi, 185220 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskin, P 2008. ‘Sully, Henry de (d. 1195)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/95186> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Jankulak, K 2000. The Medieval Cult of St Petroc, Studies in Celtic History xix, Boydell Press, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Knowles, D 1963. The Monastic Order in England: a history of its development from the times of St Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council 940–1216, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagorio, V 2001. ‘The evolving legend of St Joseph of Arimathea’, in Carley 2001a, 55–81 (first published in Speculum, 46 (2) (1971), 209–31)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, S 2004. ‘Henry fitz Count (b. in or before 1175, d. 1221?)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/47207> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Luard, H R (ed) 1865. Annales monastici. Vol. II: annales monasterii de Wintonia (AD 519–1277); annales monasterii de Waverleia (AD 1–1291), Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, London Google Scholar
Meyer, P 1898. ‘Légendes pieuses en provençal’, Histoire littéraire de la France, 32, 78108 Google Scholar
Nitze, W A 1953. ‘Messire Robert de Boron: enquiry and summary’, Speculum, 28, 279296 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, A L 1927. ‘England and Burgundy in the last decade of the twelfth century’, in H W C Davis (ed), Essays in History Presented to Reginald Lane Poole, 261273, Clarendon Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Ramsey, F M R (ed) 1995. English Episcopal Acta X: Bath and Wells 1061–1205, Oxford University Press for the British Academy, Oxford Google Scholar
Ramsey, F M R 2004. ‘ Savaric (d. 1205)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24732> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Round, J H (ed) 1909. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the twenty-seventh year of the reign of King Henry II AD 1180–1181, Pipe Roll Society Publications 30, London Google Scholar
Round, J H (ed) 1915. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the thirty-third year of the reign of King Henry II AD 1186–1187, Pipe Roll Society Publications 37, London Google Scholar
Round, J H (ed) 1925. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the thirty-fourth year of the reign of King Henry II, AD 1187–1188, Pipe Roll Society Publications 38, London Google Scholar
Sampson, J 1995/2007. ‘Glastonbury Abbey: the painted decoration of the Lady Chapel’, available on Archaeology Data Service, ‘Archaeology at Glastonbury Abbey on-line’ (2007; updated 2010), <http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/glastonbury_abbey_2007/lady_chapel/downloads.cfm> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Sampson, J 2010. ‘Bishop Jocelin and his buildings in Wells’, in R Dunning (ed), Jocelin of Wells: bishop, builder, courtier, 110122, Boydell Press, Woodbridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott Stokes, H F 1934. Glastonbury Abbey during the Crusades: extracts from Adam of Domerham, Folk Press, London (facsimile reprint 1993, Llanerch Publishers, Felinfach)Google Scholar
Stacy, N E 2001. Surveys of the Estates of Glastonbury Abbey, c 1135–1201, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York Google Scholar
Standen, D C 2000. ‘Libellus de rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, attributed to Adam of Damerham, a monk of Glastonbury, edited with introduction and critical notes’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, 3 vols, available via EThOS, <http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.312271> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Stenton, D M (ed) 1928. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the sixth year of the reign of King Richard the First, Michaelmas 1194, Pipe Roll Society Publications 43, London Google Scholar
Stenton, D M (ed) 1929. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the seventh year of the reign of King Richard the First, Michaelmas 1195, Pipe Roll Society Publications 44, London Google Scholar
Stout, A 2012. ‘Grounding faith at Glastonbury: episodes in the early history of alternative archaeology’, Numen, 59, 249269 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, W (ed) 1867. Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi et Gesta Regis Ricardi Benedicti abbatis [ie Roger of Howden], 2 vols, Longman & Co., London Google Scholar
Stubbs, W (ed) 1870. Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houeden, 4 vols, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London Google Scholar
Warren, W L 1973. Henry II, Eyre Methuen, London Google Scholar
Williams, H 1899. Two Lives of Gildas by a monk of Ruys and Caradoc of Llancarfan, Cymmrodorion Record Series, London (facsimile reprint 1990, Llanerch Publishers, Felinfach); also available on Internet Medieval Source Book, <https://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/1150-Caradoc-LifeofGildas.asp> (accessed 7 Feb 2016)+(accessed+7+Feb+2016)>Google Scholar
Williams, T W 1897. Somerset Mediaeval Libraries, and Miscellaneous Notices of Books in Somerset Prior to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Somersetshire Archaeol Nat Hist Soc, Bristol Google Scholar
Willis, R 1866. The Architectural History of Glastonbury Abbey, Deighton, Bell & Co., Cambridge Google Scholar
Wood, C T 1991. ‘Fraud and its consequences: Savaric of Bath and the reform of Glastonbury’, in Abrams and Carley 1991, 273283 Google Scholar
Wood, C T 2001. ‘Guenevere at Glastonbury: a problem in translation(s)’, in Carley 2001a, 83–100 (first published in Arthurian Literature, 16 (1998), 23–40)Google Scholar