Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:21:12.214Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Palaeoliths from the lower reaches of the Bristol Avon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

Extract

The fact that the Pleistocene ice-sheets mantled so great a part of Britain was long regarded as sufficient explanation of the absence of Lower Palaeolithic remains from the territory south of a line drawn from the Wash to the Bristol Channel. Recent work and finds, however, show that during genial conditions early man certainly moved quite far into areas freed by the waning ice during periods of retreat. Thus, from extremes beyond those cited, there are reports of a few Lower Palaeolithic implements from Pleistocene gravels in the valley of the Trent in Lincolnshire, from the valley of the Don and from Huntow, in Yorkshire, and of an odd piece from Cheshire. But of most import to the present study are the Lower Palaeolithic stone tools from the basin of the Severn in the Midlands, and an Acheulian hand-axe has been found within the past few months at Pen-y-lan, near Cardiff. With the palaeoliths discovered at intermediate sites in the basin of this great river the range in the Atlantic drainage is extended from Somerset into once glaciated territory.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 1 note 1 A Guide to Antiquities ofthe Stone Age, 3rd edition, British Museum, 1926, p. 10Google Scholar.

page 1 note 2 Armstrong, A. Leslie, ‘Palaeolithic Man in the Midlands’, in Mem. and Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc, vol. lxsxiii, 1939, pp. 87116Google Scholar.

page 1 note 3 Lacaille, A. D., ‘Palaeolithic Implements manufactured in Naturally Holed Flints, from Rossington, Yorks., and Dartford, Kent’, in Antiq. Journ., vol. xxiv, 1944, pp. 144–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 1 note 4 Elgee, F., Early Man in North-East Yorkshire, Gloucester, 1930, p. 23Google Scholar; Lacaille, A. D., ‘The Northward March of Palaeolithic Man in Britain’, in Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. lvii, 1946, p. 65, and fig. 9, no. 1Google Scholar.

page 1 note 5 British Museum, loc. cit., supra.

page 2 note 1 See, for example, King, W. B. R. and Oakley's, K. P.The Pleistocene Succession in the Lower Parts of the Thames Valley’, in Proc. Prehist. Soc, vol. ii, 1936, pp. 5276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 2 note 1 Breuil, H. and Koslowski, L., ‘Éitudes de Stratigraphie Paleolithique dans le Nord de la France, la Belgique et l'Angleterre’, La Vallee de la Somme, L'Anthropologie, t. xli, 1931, pp. 449–88Google Scholar; t. xlii, 1932, pp. 27-47 and 291-314.

page 2 xnote 3 Davies, J. A. and Fry, T. R., ‘Notes on the Gravel Terraces of the Bristol Avon’, in Proc. Spel. Soc. (Univ. Bristol), no. 3, vol. iii, 1928, pp. 167–9Google Scholar.

page 3 note 1 Shotton, F. W., ‘Palaeolithic Implements found near Coventry’, in Proc. Prehist. Soc. East Anglia, vol. vi, 1930, pp. 174–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 3 note 2 Burkitt, M. C., ‘A Gloucester Palaeolith’, in Antij. Journ., vol. i, 1921, p. 234CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Clifford, E. M., ‘A Prehistoric and Roman Site at Barnwood, near Gloucester’, in Trans. Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeol. Soc, vol. liii, 1930, pp. 208–11Google Scholar; eadem, A Palaeolith found near Gloucester’, in Antiq. Journ., vol. xvi, 1936, p. 91Google Scholar.

page 3 note 3 Op. cit., supra.

page 4 note 1 British Regional Geology, Department of Scien tific and Industrial Research, Geological Survey and Museum, Bristol and Gloucester District, London, 1948, p. 89Google Scholar.

page 5 note 1 Cf. Davies, and Fry, , op. cit., 1928, p. 163Google Scholar.

page 6 note 1 The Avon and its Gravels’, in Proc. Bristol Naturalists’ Soc., N.S., vol. x, pt. iii (issued for 1903), 1904, pp. 228–39Google Scholar.

page 9 note 1 Cryopedology—The Study of Frozen Ground and Intensive Frost-action with Suggestions on Nomenclature’, in American Journ. Sci., vol. ccxliv, Sept. 1946, pp. 622–42Google Scholar.

page 9 note 2 Dines, H. G., Hollingsworth, S. E., Edwards, Wilfrid, Buchan, S., and Welch, F. B. A., ‘The Mapping of Head Deposits’, in Geol. Mag., vol. lxxvii, 1940, pp. 215–18Google Scholar.

page 9 note 3 Idem, fig. 5 on p. 217, and p. 218.

page 9 note 4 Breuil, H., ‘De l'lmportance de la Solifluxion dans l'Étude des Terrains Quaternaires du Nord de France et des Pays Voisins’, in Revue de Giographie Physique, vol. vii, 1934, pp. 269331Google Scholar.

page 14 note 1 This type is of fairly common occurrence in Middle Acheulian industries, though notice has seldom been drawn directly upon it. The particular form illustrated here is, however, only one of several in a well-defined class of tools adapted for being held in the hand. See, for example, Antiq. Journ., vol. xx, 1940, pl. XLVIII, no. 35, and p. 257Google Scholar.

page 14 note 2 Op. cit., 1932, p. 573.

page 14 note 3 Breuil, H., ‘The Pleistocene Succession in the Somme Valley’, in Proc. Prehist. Soc, vol. v, 1939, pp. 34 and 38Google Scholar.

page 14 note 4 Smith, R. A. and Dewey, H., ‘Stratification at Swanscombe: Report on Excavations made on behalf of the British Museum and H.M. Geological Survey’, in Archaeologia, vol. lxiv, 19121913, pp. 184–90Google Scholar; Report on the Swanscombe Skull, Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst., vol. lxviii, 1938, pp. 3454Google Scholar.

page 14 note 5 Summarized with bibliographic references by Evans, John, Ancient Stone Implements, London, 1897 edition, pp. 581–91Google Scholar.

page 14 note 6 Ibid., pp. 530-8.

page 14 note 7 Lacaille, A. D., ‘The Palaeoliths from the Gravels of the Lower Boyn Hill Terrace around Maidenhead’, in Antiq. Journ., vol. xx, 1940, pp. 256 ffGoogle Scholar.

page 15 note 1 Lacaille, , op. cit., 1940, pp. 256 ffGoogle Scholar.

page 16 note 1 Burkitt, , op. cit., 1921Google Scholar; Clifford, , op. cit., 1930Google Scholar; eadem, op. cit., 1936Google Scholar.

page 16 note 2 Some Pleistocene Breccias near the Severn Estuary’, in Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xlv, 1934, pp. 147–8Google Scholar.

page 16 note 3 Summarized with bibliographic references by Evans, John, op. cit., supra, 1897, p. 639Google Scholar.

page 16 note 4 Davies, and Fry, , op. cit., 1928, p. 167Google Scholar.

page 19 note 1 Lacaille, A. D., ‘The Evolution of the Knife in the Old Stone Age’, in Science, Medicine and History. Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice written in honour of Charles Singer, edited by Underwood, E. Ashworth, Oxford, 1953, vol. i, pp. 1634Google Scholar; Oakley, K. P., Man the Tool-maker, British Museum (Natural History), 1950, 2nd edition, p. 45, fig. 19bGoogle Scholar.

page 19 note 2 Cf. a bifacially flaked tool from the neighbourhood of Wallingford, Berks., described by Dr.Arkell, W. J. in his ‘Palaeoliths from the Wallingford Fan-Gravels’, in Oxoniensia, vol. vii/ix, 1945, offprint, pp. 14 and 16Google Scholar.

page 19 note 3 Lacaille, , op. cit., 1940, pp. 259–63Google Scholar.

page 19 note 4 Tester, P. J., ‘Early Use of the Levallois Technique in the Palaeolithic Succession of the Lower Thames’, in Archaeol. News Letter, vol. iv, no. 8, May 1952, pp. 118–19Google Scholar.

page 20 note 1 Oakley, K. P., ‘Swanscombe Man’, in Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. lxiii, 1952, p. 290Google Scholar.

page 21 note 1 Whereas the Riss or third glaciation comprised the greatest advance of the ice on the Continent, it was the earlier Great Eastern, Main Glaciation, or Second Great Welsh Glaciation which, with its concomitants, was the correlative of the continental Mindel or second glaciation and reached farthest in south Britain. It is particularly interesting that in England deposits as far from its main southern limits as Cornwall and Devon register the influence exerted by this powerful complex (Arkell, W. J., ‘The Pleistocene Rocks at Trebetherick Point, North Cornwall: Their Interpretation and Correlation’, in Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. liv, 1943Google Scholar; cf. Pickard's, Colonel Ransom Presidential Address, Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 1946, vol. lxxviii, pp. 207–28)Google Scholar.

page 21 note 2 Wills, E. L. J., ‘The Pleistocene Development of the Severn from Bridgnorth to the sea’, in Quart. Journ. Soc, vol. xciv, 1938, p. 232Google Scholar.

page 21 note 3 Oriel, , op. cit., 1903, pp. 235–40Google Scholar.

page 21 note 4 Rutter, J., Delineations of North-West Somerset, 1829, p. 315Google Scholar.

page 21 note 5 Loc. cit., supra.

page 21 note 6 pp. 15-16.

page 21 note 7 Clifford, , op. cit., 1930, pp. 208, 212-13Google Scholar.

page 21 note 8 Pleistocene Gravels of the Cotswold Sub-edge Plain from Mickleton to the Frome Valley’, in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xcvi, 1941, p. 411Google Scholar.

page 22 note 1 Arkell, W. J., op. cit., 1945Google Scholar.

page 22 note 2 Idem, The Pleistocene Rocks at Trebetherick Point, North Cornwall: Thei r Interpretation and Correlation’, in Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. liv, 1943, p. 151Google Scholar.

page 22 note 3 Idem.

page 22 note 4 Wooldridge, S. W., ‘The Glaciation of the London Basin and the Evolution of the Lower Thames Drainage System’, in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xciv, 1938, pp. 627–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

page 21 note 5 Wills, , op. cit., 1938, passimGoogle Scholar.

page 21 note 6 Op. cit., 1936, pp. 5557Google Scholar.

page 23 note 1 Idem in op. cit., 1945, p. 17.

page 23 note 2 Op. cit., pp. 208 and 212, and fig. 4, no. I.

page 23 note 3 Breuil and Koslowski, opp.citt., 1931 and 1932, passim.