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The fourteenth-century heraldic glass in the eastern Lady Chapel of Bristol Cathedral
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 November 2011
Extract
All existing accounts of these windows are based on the notes by Mr. C. Winston printed in 1853 with the other communications made to the Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland at Bristol in 1851. Most compilers have extracted their material from Leversage and Taylor's Illustrated History of Bristol Cathedral, the pertinent parts of which, including the colour-plates and heraldic descriptions, were composed by Mr. Leversage between 1851 and 1854 on the basis of Mr. Winston's paper.
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- Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1957
References
page 54 note 1 B.M. Add. MSS. 33846–9: Winston's Collections on Glass Painting. Also B.M. Add. MS. 35211(G), which consists of really lovely large-scale coloured representations of various details from the windows by Winston.
page 54 note 2 B.M. Add. MS. 5811: Rev. W. Cole's notes. See C.A.C. iv (1897–9), 290–2. This was the well-known antiquary and correspondent of Horace Walpole.
page 55 note 1 ‘A Fourteenth-Century Coat of Arms Identified’, Antiq. Journ. xxxi, 165–72.
page 55 note 2 One date leads to another: at p. 73 of H. P. R. Finberg's excellent little book on Gloucestershire, published in 1955, I see that the abbey was rebuilt ‘about 1320’; C. Woodforde (English Stained and Painted Glass, p. 13) gives the same date for the glass and places St. Edmund ‘in the upper part of the north side of the choir’, following Winston; no sooner was Winston's paper in print than Bell moved the saint to the south side, where he has been ever since. The lady chapel ceased to be the choir when the nave was rebuilt in 1877.
page 55 note 3 Many books wrongly say 1306, the year in which Edmund de Knulle became abbot.
page 55 note 4 Leversage and Taylor, of. cit., p. 2: the very book everyone has used when describing the glass.
page 56 note 1 Were, F., ‘Bristol Cathedral Heraldry’, Bristol & Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans. xxv (1902), 102Google Scholarseqq.
page 56 note 2 All the entries from the various rolls are gathered together in Major-General Wrottesley's Crécy and Calais (Wm. Salt Archaeological reprint, 1898); I have checked the more important ones, and feel it unnecessary to give the detailed references to the original where the fact is not vital to the argument.
page 57 note 1 Though his exoneration, 4 Feb. 1349–50, says ‘who had served in the King's retinue’.
page 57 note 2 Mr. Kaines Smith, on the authority of Mr. A. Wagner, reported the names in the roll authentic but the arms a sixteenth-century addition. Some confusion has also arisen between the copy Rowe Mores transcribed and an Edward I roll he printed with it (Oxford, 1749).
page 57 note 3 Gloucestershire Inquisitions, xiv, 316, 330 seqq. I have to thank Mr. T. D. Tremlett, F.S.A., who was kind enough to read through this paper, for pointing out that Hugh de Audele's seal of 1344 has the three chevrons (Birch, B.M. Seals, 7022).
page 57 note 4 Keynsham Abbey had acquired the famous ‘mouth-organs’, which are now used by its Urban District Council.
page 58 note 1 Cf. entries for 18 Sept. and 8 Dec. 1346, 14 May and 24 June 1347 (Wrottesley, pp. 102, 109, 122, 145).
page 58 note 2 Smyth, , Lives of the Berkeley s, i, 231seqq.Google Scholar; cf. Appendix C.
page 58 note 3 Cal. Pat. Edw. III, 1345–8, p. 480.
page 58 note 4 See Appendix C.
page 58 note 5 3 Oct., 30 Nov. 1346; 14 May 1347.
page 58 note 6 Cal. Pat. 15 Edw. II, 20 Aug.; cf. Appendix C.
page 59 note 1 It would not normally be fair to quote from the correspondence in which an idea was in process of being hammered out, but Mr. Kaines Smith's is exceptional; moreover this part of the argument was peculiarly his own.
page 59 note 2 He was the leader of the baronage about this time; his father had been deep in the 1321 affair. Cf. Clarke, M. V., Fourteenth Century Studies, pp. 127–31.Google Scholar
page 59 note 3 Glouc. Inq. xiv, 330 seqq.; cf. xiv, 303 and xv, 337 for illustrations of his power in Gloucestershire.
page 60 note 1 Wrottesley, pp. 34 and 156; the writ to array 300 Welshmen from Glamorgan and Morgannon at p. 65, et alibi.
page 60 note 2 The protection of 3 June, 21 Edw. III, says he was in the retinue of Laurence Hastynges, earl of Pembroke (Wrottesley, pp. 35 and 125).
page 60 note 3 Glouc. Inq. xiv, 318, 8 May, 22 Edw. III (1348).
page 60 note 4 Wrottesley, pp. 7, 155.
page 60 note 5 Smyth, i, 251–2.
page 60 note 6 Wrottesley, pp. 140, 159.
page 60 note 7 Wrottesley, pp. 7, 155.
page 60 note 8 B. & G.A.S. Trans, xvii, 116, n. 3.
page 60 note 9 Cal. Pat. 1345–8, p. 128.
page 61 note 1 Smyth, i, 56, 318–20.
page 61 note 2 Sir Thomas of Coberley is not mentioned by name in the pardon of 1321, but he was with the rebels at least to the extent of refusing to obey the king's summons to his muster.
page 61 note 3 Sir Henry Barkly in B. & G.A.S. Trans, xvii; he wrote about Berkeley of Coberley without considering Berkeley of Dursley.
page 62 note 1 See Appendix B.
page 62 note 2 See Appendix A.
page 62 note 3 Jeayes's Catalogue of Berkeley, no. 515, might be helpful: it is the report of Thomas de Berkeley and his fellow commissioners on those holding land or rents in Gloucestershire of 100s. or over, dated Bristol, vigil of Palm Sunday, 19 Edw. III (20 Mar. 1345), and has fourteen seals attached.
page 62 note 4 See Sir John Maclean in Som. Arch. & N.H. Soc. Proc. xli.
page 62 note 5 The many pages of pardons in Cal. Pat., every name with its proposer, are equivalent to lists of medals for good service.
page 62 note 6 Cal. Pat. 6 Oct. 1346, by Calais.
page 63 note 1 Glouc. Inq. xiv, 315; Cal.Pat.Edw. III, 1345–8, pp. 260, 368.
page 63 note 2 See p. 1, nn. 1 and 2.
page 63 note 3 Cole just numbers them without any key (except in the east window); Winston gives occasional indications which are not always clear.
page 65 note 1 B.M. Add. MS. 17463 was also mentioned by Hall Warren. It has some excellent drawings of and interesting notes about other parts of the cathedral, but for our present purpose we learn from it only that the glass in the east window (and presumably in the other windows of the then choir) was ‘shattered but largely original’ in 1820, whereas by 1835 there had been great alterations and ‘originality is destroyed’. This strongly suggests that no irreparable damage was done to the windows until the Reform Bill riots of 1831, when the adjacent bishop's palace was burned out. The notes of which this manuscript consists are of various dates from 1790 onwards, the handwriting peculiarly vile, the author the Rev. Mr. Powell.
page 68 note 1 Woodforde, , Stained Glass in Somerset 1250–1830, pp. 98–99.Google Scholar
page 68 note 2 See Appendix C. For the false heraldry cf. Woodforde, op. cit., p. 92: ‘In Cheddar church and elsewhere the arms of Bishop Beckington show three yellow bucks’ heads on a white ground. The glass-painter probably knew that this was heraldically impossible, but he also knew that it was easier than making the shield with the bucks’ heads red, as they should be.’
page 70 note 1 Cf. the similar lists and many other documents in Cal. Close Rolls 1318–23, e.g. at pp. 492, 517.