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The Excavation of A Red Hill at Peldon, Essex, With Notes on Some Other Sites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

Kay de Brisay
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Summary

This description of the structure and function of the salt-making site at Peldon, together with comparable evidence from other sites, demonstrates a degree of specialization within Iron Age society with interesting consequences for any view of social structure. The possibility of trade in salt, over and above production for local needs, must also affect our view of the extent to which economic factors could over-ride the basically tribal organization of Britain at this time.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , March 1978 , pp. 31 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1978

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References

NOTES

1 Reader, F. W., ‘Report on the Red Hills exploration committee’, Proc. Soc. Ant. London, 2nd ser., xxii (1908), 164–5.Google Scholar

2 de la Sauvagère, Recherches sur le nature et l'étendue d'un ancien ouvrage de Romain appelé communement le briquetage de Marsal (1740-70).

3 de Brisay, K. W., ‘Preliminary report of the exploration of the Red Hill at Osea Road, Maldon, Essex’, Colchester Arch. Gp. Bulletin, xv (1973), 22–43Google Scholar, and ‘A further report on the excavation of the Red Hill at Osea Road, Maldon, Essex’, ibid, xvi (1974), 19-36.

4 By kind permission of Mrs. K. A. Evans.

5 Akeroyd, A. V., ‘Archaeological and historical evidence of subsidence in southern Britain’, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A 272 (1972), 151–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Green, C., ‘East Anglian coastline levels since Roman times’, Antiquity, xxxv (1961), 21–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

6 de Brisay, K. W., ‘The excavation of a Red Hill at Peldon, Essex. Report on the first year’, Colchester Arch. Gp. Bulletin, xviii (1974), 25–42.Google Scholar

7 Dr. J. B. Penfold, Consultant Pathologist, Essex County Hospital.

8 Gouletquer, P. L., ‘Niger, country of salt’, in de Brisay, K. W. and Evans, K. A. (eds.), Salt: the Study of an Ancient Industry (1975), pp. 47–51.Google Scholar

9 A. J. Clark, Ancient Monuments Research Laboratory, Department of the Environment.

10 The expert assistance rendered by Mr. Clark was invaluable. No funds were available and, without his help, such scientific research would not have been possible.

11 Similar hearth floors have been found in the Upchurch marshes, Kent. Information kindly supplied by Mr. Alec Miles.

12 de Brisay, K. W., Colchester Arch. Gp. Bulletin, xvi (1974), 30–1Google Scholar.

13 Ibid., xv (1973), 29-32, and xvi (1974), 30-1.

14 F. W. Reader, op. cit., p. 175, fig. 5.

15 Colchester Arch. Gp. Bulletin, xvi (1947), 33.

16 K. W . de Brisay, ibid, xvii (1975), 32.

17 F. W . Reader, op. cit., p. 195.

18 Field-walking by the author, 1976.

19 Do. 1975.

20 Do.

21 Information kindly supplied by Mrs. B. Perren 1975.

22 Information kindly supplied by Mr. Brian Simmons at the ‘Salt Weekend’, 1974.

23 Information kindly supplied by Mrs. M. U. Jones, 1973.

24 Rodwell, W., ‘The Orsett Cock cropmark site’, Trans. Essex Arch. Soc. vi (1974), 13–39.Google Scholar

25 Information kindly supplied by Mr. Peter Woods 1971.

26 Field-walking by the author, 1975.

27 F. W . Reader, op. cit., fig. 16 (10).

28 Permission to study material in the Colchester Castle Museum is gratefully acknowledged.

29 F. W. Reader, op. cit., p . 195.

30 Fox, C., ‘Salt works at Hook, Warsash’, Hants Field Club, xiii (1935-1937), 105–9Google Scholar.

31 Information kindly supplied by Mr. J. B. Whitwell, 1975.

32 P. L. Gouletquer, op. cit., p. 50.

33 Information kindly supplied by Mrs. M. U. Jones, 1976.

34 Material presented to the Eastgate Museum House, Rochester, Kent by H . and J. Woodruff (1834-69).

35 F. W. Reader, op. cit., pp. 200–1 , fig. 24.

36 Field-walking by the author, 1975.

37 Colchester Museum (n. 28).

38 F. W. Reader, op. cit., fig. 13 (5).

39 Field-walking by the author, 1973.

40 Do. 1971-5.

41 Do. 1975.

42 Colchester Museum (n. 28).

43 F. W . Reader, op. cit., fig. 18 (7).

44 P. L. Gouletquer, op. cit., p. 50.

45 Colchester Museum (n. 28).

46 F. W. Reader, op. cit., fig. 15 (1 and 2).

47 Kirkham, B., ‘Salt making sites found in northeast Lincolnshire since 1960’, in de Brisay, and Evans, (eds.), op. cit. (1975), pp. 41–2.Google Scholar

48 Field-walking by the author, 1975.

49 Do. 1965.

50 Do. 1971-5.

51 Do. 1975.

52 Do.

53 Reader, F. W., ‘Notes on briquetage found 1908-9’, Proc. Soc. Ant. London, 2nd ser., xxiii (1910), fig. 11 (5 and 8).Google Scholar

54 Found by the late Mr. J. Giles at Ingoldmells, Lincolnshire (1957) at mid-tide level in a mass of briquetage. Information kindly supplied by Mr. Andrew White, Lincoln Museum.

55 Information kindly supplied by Mrs. E. H. Rudkin.

56 Baker, F. T., ‘Salt making sites on the Lincolnshire coast before the Romans’, in de Brisay, and Evans, (eds.), op. cit. (1975), pp. 31-2.Google Scholar