Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:26:54.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Christopher Hawkes: his archive and networks in British and European archaeology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2009

Margarita Díaz-Andreu ,
Megan Price  and
Chris Gosden
Margarita Díaz-Andreu
Affiliation:
Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Megan Price
Affiliation:
Megan Price, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Chris Gosden
Affiliation:
Chris Gosden, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper reviews the contribution of Professor Christopher Hawkes, FSA, to the development of Bronze and Iron Age studies in the decades before and – more especially – after World War ii. It also provides an overview and analysis of the Hawkes Papers, kept in the Bodleian Library, and particularly of the general correspondence section, with a view to assessing the potential of this documentation for the study of the development of British prehistoric archaeology within its European context. Examination of the first thirty-one boxes of the archive situates Hawkes at the interface between several networks of individuals and communities of interest, including amateurs, professional archaeologists and his own students.

Résumé

Cet article évalue l’apport du professeur christopher hawkes, fsa, au développement des études sur l’âge du bronze et sur l’âge du fer pendant les décennies précédant et – tout particulièrement – suivant la deuxième guerre mondiale. Il fournit également une vue d’ensemble et une analyse des écrits de hawkes, conservés à la bibliothèque bodléienne [bodleian library], et tout particulièrement de la correspondance générale, dans le but d’évaluer le potentiel de cette documentation pour l’étude du développement de l’archéologie préhistorique britannique quand on la situe dans son contexte européen. L’examen des trente-et-une premières boîtes de cette archive situe hawkes dans l’interface entre plusieurs réseaux d’individus et d’intérêts similaires, au nombre desquels se trouvent des amateurs, des archéologues de métier et ses propres étudiants.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Bericht beurteilt den Beitrag, den Professor Christopher Hawkes, FSA (Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries—dt.: Mitglied der Gesellschaft für Altertumsforschung) zur Entwicklung der bronze- und eisenzeitlichen Forschung in den Jahrzehnten vor und insbesondere nach dem 2. Weltkrieg geleistet hat. Er vermittelt einen Überblick und Analyse der Hawkes Schriften, die sich in der Bodleian Bibliothek der Universität Oxford befinden, hauptsächlich in der Abteilung für allgemeinen Schriftverkehr, und es soll das Potential beurteilt werden, das diese Dokumente für die Studie der Entwicklung britischer frühgeschichtlicher Archäologie innerhalb ihres europäischen Kontexts haben. Eine Untersuchung der ersten einundreißig Archivboxen platziert Hawkes an der Schnittstelle von verschiedenen Verbunden von Einzelpersonen und Interessengemeinschaften, inklusive Amateuren, Berufsarchäologen und seinen eigenen Studenten.

Type
Original Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 89 , September 2009 , pp. 405 - 426
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alcock, L 1972. ‘The Irish Sea province in the pre-Roman Iron Age’, in The Iron Age in the Irish Sea Province: papers given at a CBA conference held at Cardiff, January 3 to 5, 1969, CBA Res Rep 9 (ed A C Thomas), 99–112, London: CBAGoogle Scholar
Bakker, J A 2001. ‘Childe, van Giffen, and Dutch archaeology until 1970’, in Patina: essays presented to Jay Jordan Butler on the occasion of his 80th birthday (eds W H Metz, B L van Beek and H Steegstra), 49–74, Groningen and Amsterdam: Metz, Van Beek and SteegstraGoogle Scholar
Binford, L R 1968. ‘Archaeological perspectives’, in New perspectives in Archaeology, (eds S R Binford and L R Binford), 5–32, Chicago, New York: Aldine, AthertonGoogle Scholar
Boardman, J, Brown, M A, Powell, T G E (eds) 1971. The European Community in Later Prehistory: studies in honour of C F C Hawkes, London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Bradley, R 2004. ‘Stuart Piggott, Ancient Europe and the prehistory of Northern Britain’, in Scotland in Ancient Europe: the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Scotland in their European context (eds G Shepherd and G J Barclay), 3–11, Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of ScotlandGoogle Scholar
Brewster, T C M 1963. ‘The excavation of Staple House (Scarborough)’, unpubl repGoogle Scholar
Britton, D (ed) 1960. Bronze Age Grave-group and Hoards in the British Museum, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 8th set: GB 48–54, London: British MuseumGoogle Scholar
Britton, D Longworth, I H (eds) 1968. Late Bronze Age Finds in the Heathery Burn Cave, Co. Durham, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 9th set: GB 55, London: British MuseumGoogle Scholar
Burgess, C 2004. ‘Forty-five years’ researches in the chronology and ordering of the British Bronze Age: a personal memoir’, in From Sickles to Circles: Britain and Ireland at the time of Stonehenge (eds A Gibson and A Sheridan), 339–365, Stroud: TempusGoogle Scholar
CFA 1946. Conference on the Future of Archaeology, Aug. 6–8, 1943, Univ London, Inst Archaeol Occas Pap, London: University of London, Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Champion, T 2004. ‘Hawkes, (Charles Francis) Christopher (1905–1992)’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (eds H C G Matthew and B Harrison), 〈http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/51094〉 (24 Feb 2009)Google Scholar
Childe, V G 1939. The Dawn of European Civilization, 3rd edn, London: Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1948. The Dawn of European Civilization, 4th edn (rev and reset), London: Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1949. L’Aube de la civilisation européen, 4th edn, Paris: PayotGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1950. The Dawn of European Civilization, 5th edn (rev), London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1956. Piecing Together the Past, London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1957. The Dawn of European Civilization, 6th edn, London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Childe, V G 1958. The Prehistory of European Society, Harmondsworth: PenguinGoogle Scholar
Clark, G 1952. Prehistoric Europe: the economic basis, London: MethuenGoogle Scholar
Clark, G 1957. Archaeology and Society, 3rd edn, London: MethuenGoogle Scholar
Clark, G 1989. Prehistory at Cambridge and Beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Coles, J M 1960. ‘Scottish Late Bronze Age metalwork: typology, distributions and chronology’, Proc Soc Antiq Scotl, 93, 16–134Google Scholar
Collis, J 1994. ‘The Iron Age’, in Building on the Past: papers celebrating 150 years of the Royal Archaeological Institute (ed B Vyner), 123–148, London: Roy Archaeol InstGoogle Scholar
Cotton, M A 1961. ‘Observations on the classification of hillforts in southern England’, in The Problems of the Iron Age in Southern Britain. Papers given at a CBA Conference held at the Institute of Archaeology, December 12 to 14, 1958 (ed S S Frere), 22–42, London: University of London, Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
CPPEU 1944. Conference on the Problems and Prospects of European Archaeology, Sept. 16–17, 1944, Univ London, Inst Archaeol Occas Pap 6, London: University of London, Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B 1974. ‘Chalton, Hants: the evolution of a landscape’, Antiq J, 53, 173–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B 1991. Iron Age Communities in Britain. An account of England, Scotland and Wales from the 7th century BC until the Roman Conquest, London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B 1995. Iron Age Britain, London: BatsfordGoogle Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M 2007a. ‘Christopher Hawkes and the International Summer Courses of Ampurias’, Bull Hist Archaeol, 17/1, 19–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M 2007b. ‘Internationalism in the invisible college: political ideologies and friendships in archaeology’, J Social Archaeol, 7/1, 29–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M 2007c. ‘V Gordon Childe i Espanya: notes d’arxiu’, Cota Zero, 22, 84–98Google Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M 2007d. A World History of Nineteenth-century Archaeology: nationalism, colonialism and the past, Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M Fairén Jiménez, S (forthcoming). ‘Nodes and networks: Miles Burkitt’s education and the establishment of the British academic tradition of prehistoric research’Google Scholar
Duval, P M Hawkes, C F C (eds) 1976. Celtic Art in Ancient Europe, London, New York: Seminar PressGoogle Scholar
Evans, A J 1890. ‘On a late-Celtic urn-field at Aylesford, Kent’, Archaeologia, 52, 315–388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C 1989. ‘Archaeology and modern times: Bersu’s Woodbury 1938 and 1939’, Antiquity, 63, 436–450CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C 1995. ‘Archaeology against the state: roots of internationalism’, in Theory in Archaeology: a world perspective (ed P J Ucko), 312–326, London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Evans, C 1998. ‘Historicism, chronology and straw men: situating Hawkes’ “Ladder of inference” ’, Antiquity, 72, 398–404CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, C 1999. ‘Christopher Hawkes’, in Encyclopedia of Archaeology: the great archaeologists, ii (ed T Murray), 461–479, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIOGoogle Scholar
Evans, C 2001. ‘Christopher Hawkes’, in Encyclopedia of Archaeology: history and discoveries, ii (ed T Murray), 615, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIOGoogle Scholar
Fagan, B 2001. Grahame Clark: an intellectual biography of an archaeologist, Boulder: Westview PressGoogle Scholar
Finn, C 2005. ‘A life on line: Jacquetta Hawkes, archaeo-poet (1910–1996)’, Stanford University Metamedia, 〈http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/ChristineFinn/home〉 (19 Feb 2009)Google Scholar
Fox, C 1923. The Archaeology of the Cambridge Region, Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Fox, C 1932. The Personality of Britain, Cardiff: National Museum of WalesGoogle Scholar
Fox, C 1943. The Personality of Britain: its influence on inhabitant and invader in prehistoric and early historic times, 4th edn, Cardiff: National Museum of WalesGoogle Scholar
Fox, C 1958. Pattern and Purpose: a study of early Celtic art in Britain, Cardiff: National Museum of WalesGoogle Scholar
Fox, C 1959. Life and Death in the Bronze Age, London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Fox, C Lord, Raglan 1951. Monmouthshire Houses: a study of building techniques and smaller house-plans in the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, Cardiff: National Museum of WalesGoogle Scholar
Frere, S 1967. Britannia: a history of Roman Britain, London: Routledge and Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar
Fritz, J 1978. ‘Palaeopsychology today: ideational systems and human adaptation in Prehistory’, in Social Archaeology: beyond subsistence and dating (ed C Redman), 37–59, New York: Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Gosden, C, Edwards, E Phillips, R (eds) 2006. Sensible Objects: colonialism, museums and material culture, Oxford: BergGoogle Scholar
Gosden, C O’Hanlon, M (nd). ‘The relational museum’, 〈http://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/RelationalMuseum.html〉 (19 Feb 2009)Google Scholar
Harding, D W 1992. ‘Charles Francis Christopher Hawkes 1905–1992’, Proc Brit Acad, 84, 323–344Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1926. ‘St Catharine’s Chapel excavations, 1926’, The Wykehamist, 682 (20 Dec)Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1927. ‘Excavations at Alchester, 1926’, Antiq J, 7, 155–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1929a. ‘Note on excavations at Alchester, 1927’, Antiq J, 9, 109–110Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1929b. ‘Tools on Roman pottery’, Antiq J, 9, 156–158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1930. The Roman Legionary Fortress at Caerleon in Monmouthshire: report on the excavations carried out in the eastern corner in 1929, Cardiff: National Museum of WalesGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1931a. ‘Die Erforschung der Spätbronzezeit, Hallstatt- und Latène-Zeit in England und Wales von 1914–1931’, Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 1931, 86–173Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1931b. ‘The excavations at Colchester, 1930’, Antiq J, 11, 273–342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1931c. ‘Hillforts’, Antiquity, 5/17, 60–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1932. ‘The Colchester excavations’, Antiq J, 12, 74–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1933. ‘Camulodunum: excavations at Colchester, 1930–31’, Trans Essex Archaeol Soc, 20/2, 270–275Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1936a. ‘An engraved La Tène bronze from Arundel Park’, Antiq J, 16, 103–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1936b. ‘The excavations at Buckland Rings, Lymington, 1935’, Proc Hampshire Fld Club, 13/2, 124–164Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1937. ‘Camulodunum: excavations at Colchester, 1932’, Trans Essex Archaeol Soc, 21/1, 29–33Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1939. ‘The excavations at Quarley Hill, 1938’, Proc Hampshire Fld Club, 14/2, 136–194Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1940a. ‘A Celtic bronze from Bury Hill Camp, near Andover, Hants’, Antiq J, 20, 121Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1940b. ‘The excavations at Bury Hill, 1939’, Proc Hampshire Fld Club, 14/3, 291–337Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1940c. ‘The Marnian pottery and La Tène I brooch from Worth, Kent’, Antiq J, 20, 115–121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1940d. The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe to the Mycenaean Age, London: MethuenGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1954. ‘Archaeological theory and method: some suggestions from the Old World’, American Anthropologist, 56, 155–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1955. Grave-groups and Hoards of the British Bronze Age, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 1st set: GB 1–8, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1956. ‘The British Iron Age: cultures, chronology and peoples’, in Actas IV Congr. Internac. Ciencias Prehist. & Protohist. (Madrid 1954), 729–37, MadridGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1959. ‘The ABC of the British Iron Age’, Antiquity, 33/131, 170–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1961. ‘The ABC of the British Iron Age’, in Problems of the Iron Age in Southern Britain: papers given at a Council for British Archaeology conference held at the Institute of Archaeology, December 12 to 14, 1958 (ed S Frere), 170–185, Univ London, Inst Archaeol Occas Pap 11, London: University of London, Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1982. ‘Archaeological retrospect 3’, Antiquity, 56/217, 93–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1987. ‘The Institute of Archaeology: the early years’, in Selkirk and Hawkes (eds) 1987, 3–33Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C 1989. ‘Christopher Hawkes’, in The Pastmasters (eds G E Daniel and C Chippindale), 46–60, London: Thames and HudsonGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Dunning, G C 1931. ‘The Belgae of Gaul and Britain’, Archaeol J, 87 (1930), 150–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Hawkes, J 1943. Prehistoric Britain, Harmondsworth: PelicanGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Hawkes, S C (eds) 1973. Greeks, Celts, and Romans: studies in venture and resistance, Archaeology into History 1, London: DentGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Hull, M R 1987. Corpus of Ancient Brooches in Britain: pre-Roman bow brooches, BAR Brit Ser 168, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C, Myres, J N L Stevens, C G 1930. ‘Saint Catherine’s Hill Winchester’, Proc Hampshire Fld Club, 11/1–2, 1–286Google Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Piggott, S (eds) 1948. A Survey and Policy of Field Research in the Archaeology of Great Britain, i. The Prehistoric and Early Historic Ages to the 7th century AD, London: Council for British ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C F C Smith, M A 1955. Bronze Age Hoards in the British Museum, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 2nd set: GB 9–13, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, J 1951. ‘The origin of the British people: archaeology and the Festival of Britain’, Antiquity, 25/97, 4–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, J 1963. The World of the Past, London: Thames and HudsonGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, J 1968. Dawn of the Gods, New York: Random HouseGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, J H Hawkes, C F C 1947. Prehistoric Britain, rev and enlarged, London: Chatto and WindusGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, J H Hawkes, C F C 1958. Prehistoric Britain, 3rd edn, Harmondsworth: PenguinGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, N 2002. ‘The artist and the archaeologist: a presentation in memory of Christopher and Sonia Hawkes’, Oxford J Archaeol, 21/3, 311–317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henig, M Smith, T J (eds) 2007. Collectanea Antiqua: essays in memory of Sonia Chadwick Hawkes, BAR Int Ser 1673, OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodson, F R 1960. ‘Some reflection on the “ABC” of the British Iron Age’, Antiquity, 34/134, 138–140Google Scholar
Hodson, F R 1962. ‘Some pottery from Eastbourne, the “Marnians” and the pre-Roman Iron Age’, Proc Prehist Soc, 28, 140–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodson, F R 1964. ‘Cultural groupings within the British pre-Roman Iron Age’, Proc Prehist Soc, 30, 99–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inventaria Archaeologica 1992. Inventaria Archaeologica: corpus des ensembles archéologiques: Pologne/publié sous la direction de M.-E. Mariën, Lodz: Państwowe Wydawnictwo NaukoweGoogle Scholar
Jeeson, M Hill, D (eds) 1971. The Iron Age and its Hill-forts: papers presented to Sir Mortimer Wheeler on the occasion of his eightieth year at a conference held by the Southampton University Archaeological Society, 5–7 March, 1971, Southampton: Southampton University Archaeological SocietyGoogle Scholar
Kendrick, T D 1931. ‘Die Erforschung der Steinzeit und der älteren und mittleren Bronzezeit in England und Wales von 1914–1931’, Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 1931, 11–85Google Scholar
Kendrick, T D Hawkes, C F C 1932. Archaeology in England and Wales 1914–1931, London: MethuenGoogle Scholar
Megaw, J V S (ed) 1976. To Illustrate the Monuments: essays on archaeology presented to Stuart Piggott on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, London: Thames and HudsonGoogle Scholar
Murray, L J 1999. A Zest for Life: the story of Alexander Keiller, Swindon: Morven BooksGoogle Scholar
Myres, J L 1932. ‘International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology’, Man, 32 (Sept), 201–219Google Scholar
Owen, L R 1996. Dictionary of Prehistoric Archaeology (Prähistorisches Wörterbuch), Archaeologica Venatoria, Tübingen: Vince VerlagGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S 1955. British Prehistory, Oxford: Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S 1966. ‘A scheme for the Scottish Iron Age’, in The Iron Age in Northern Britain (ed A L F Rivet), 1–16, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University PressGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S Stewart, M (eds) 1958. Early and Middle Bronze Age Grave-groups and Hoards from Scotland, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 5th set: GB 25–34, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Price, M 2007. ‘Town and Gown: amateurs and academics. The discovery of British prehistory, Oxford 1850–1900: a pastime professionalised’, unpublished PhD, University of OxfordGoogle Scholar
Schlanger, N 2002. ‘Introduction’, Antiquity (special section, ‘Ancestral Archives. Explorations in the History of Archaeology’), 76/291, 127–131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selkirk, A Hawkes, S C 1987. The Oxford Institute of Archaeology. Silver Jubilee Reflections, Oxford: Oxford University, Institute of ArchaeologyGoogle Scholar
Smith, M A 1956. Grave-groups and Hoards of the British Bronze Age (2), Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 3rd set: GB 14–18, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Smith, M A 1957. Bronze Age Hoards and Grave-groups from the N. E. Midlands, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 4th set: GB 19–24, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Smith, M A 1958. Late Bronze Age Hoards in the British Museum, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 6th set: GB 35–41, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Smith, M A 1959. Middle Bronze Age Hoards from Southern England, Inventaria Archaeologica, Great Britain, 7th set: GB 42–47, London: GarrawayGoogle Scholar
Smith, P J 1997. ‘Grahame Clark’s new archaeology: the Fenland Research Committee and Cambridge prehistory in the 1930s’, Antiquity, 71/271, 11–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P J 1999. ‘ “The Coup”: how did the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia become the Prehistoric Society?’, Proc Prehist Soc, 65, 465–470CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P J 2004. ‘A splendid idiosyncrasy: prehistory at Cambridge 1915–50’, unpublished PhD, University of CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Statuta 1946. Statuta et Decreta Universitatis Oxoniensis, Oxford: Oxford UniversityGoogle Scholar
Stout, A 2008. Creating Prehistory: druids, ley hunters and archaeologists in pre-war Britain, Oxford: BlackwellCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, T 1991. ‘Review of “Hawkeseye. The Early Life of Christopher Hawkes”’, Antiquity, 65/247, 407Google Scholar
Thomas, C, Mitchell, F Kilbridge-Jones, H 1994. ‘Postscript: three recollections of Childe the man’, in The Archaeology of V Gordon Childe (ed D R Harris), 134–140, London: UCL PressGoogle Scholar
Webster, D B 1991. Hawkeseye: the early life of Christopher Hawkes, Stroud: SuttonGoogle Scholar