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The Architectural Patronage of Two Late Medieval Bishops: Edington, Wykeham and the rebuilding of Winchester Cathedral nave

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2012

John Hare
John Hare*
Affiliation:
John Hare, FSA, 7 Owens Road, Winchester SO22 6RU, UK. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

This paper reassesses the transformation of Winchester Cathedral nave in the second half of the fourteenth century from the Romanesque to its present form. It argues for a more complex and earlier development than traditionally accepted, with the rebuilding of the nave itself beginning in the early 1370s rather than in 1394. After the construction of the new porches Edington had planned to rebuild the nave completely, but by the time of his death even the west end was incomplete. His successor, Wykeham, adopted a more cautious and staged remodelling, starting with the creation of a new great arcade which he began in the 1370s and resumed in 1394. Subsequently, Wykeham began to complete the rebuilding with remodelled aisles, the clerestory and the vault. The implications of this proposed earlier dating are explored, including providing a major work in the 1370s for William Wynford, one of the most important architects of the period.

Résumé

Ce document réévalue la transformation de la nef de la cathédrale de Winchester, dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle, de sa forme romane à sa forme présente. Il avance une évolution plus complexe et antérieure à celle traditionnellement acceptée, avec une reconstruction de la nef elle-même commençant au début des années 1370 et non pas en 1394. Après la construction des nouveaux porches, Edington a projeté de reconstruire la nef entièrement mais, au moment de sa mort, même l'extrémité ouest était incomplète. Son successeur, Wykeham, a adopté un remodelage plus prudent et échelonné, en commençant par la création d'une nouvelle grande arcade, qu'il a entreprise dans les années 1370 et reprise en 1394. Par la suite, Wykeham a terminé la reconstruction des bas-côtés remodelés, de la galerie et de la voûte. Les implications de cette datation antérieure proposée sont explorées, notamment par rapport à l’œuvre majeure des années 1370 de William Wynford, l'un des architectes les plus importants de cette période.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Paper wird die Umwandlung des Hauptschiffs von Winchester Cathedral in der zweiten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts von seiner romanischen in seine gegenwärtige Form einer Neubewertung unterzogen und es wird darin für eine komplexere und frühere Ausführung argumentiert, als dies bisher angenommen wurde, so dass für den Beginn des Umbaus des Kirchenschiffs die Zeit kurz nach 1370 und nicht das Jahr 1394 angesetzt wird. Nach der Errichtung der neuen Portale hatte Edington den kompletten Umbau des Kirchenschiffs geplant, doch bei seinem Tod war selbst das westliche Ende noch nicht fertiggestellt. Sein Nachfolger Wykeham ging bei der Umgestaltung weitaus vorsichtiger und stufenweise vor. Er begann in den 1370ern mit dem Bau eines neuen großen Bogengangs, der 1394 fortgesetzt wurde. In der Folge wurde unter Wykeham der Umbau mit neu gestalteten Seitenchören, den Lichtgaden und dem Gewölbe abgeschlossen. Die Bedeutung dieser zeitlichen Vorverlegung wird untersucht, da damit. in der Zeit nach 1370 für William Wynford, einen der bedeutendsten Baumeister jener Zeit, ein großangelegtes Bauprojekt geschaffen wurde.

Type
Research papers
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 92 , September 2012 , pp. 273 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2012

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