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The Society of Antiquaries and the British School at Athens, 1886–1986: the Cemeteries of Knossos and Mycenae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2011

H. W. Catling
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Extract

In a general review of the associations between the British School at Athens and the Society of Antiquaries 100 years on from the School's foundation, a review is given of the excavations of Sir Arthur Evans in the Zapher Papoura and Isopata cemeteries at Knossos, and of Professor A. J. B. Wace in the Kalkani cemetery at Mycenae (both projects published by the Society in Archaeologia).

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , September 1987 , pp. 223 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1987

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References

Notes

1 I am grateful to the Society of Antiquaries of London for its very generous support of the British School's Centenary Appeal. My thanks are also due to the Society for accepting my request to lecture to the Society in the centenary year of the British School. I am grateful to the then President, Professor John Evans, for encouraging me to publish the text of the lecture. I am also grateful to the General Secretary, Mr F. H. Thompson, for help and guidance on this and other occasions.

2 For an account of the organization and achievements of the School, see Waterhouse, Lady, The British School at Athens: The First Hundred Years, British School at Athens Suppl. Vol. 19 (London, 1986)Google Scholar.

3 Work on this extension is now well on its way to completion.

4 Evans, J. D., ‘Excavations in the Neolithic settlement of Knossos, 1957–1960 Part I’, Annual of the British School at Athens [hereafter B.S.A.], lix (1964), 132–240CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Evans, J. D. and Renfrew, A. C., Excavations at Saliagos near Antiparos (London, 1968)Google Scholar.

6 Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, Archaeological Reports [hereafter Arch. Rep.] (1983–4), 27–8; ibid. (1984–5), 24–5; ibid. (1985–6), 30.

7 Antiq. J. liii (1973), 3Google Scholar.

8 Westlake, N. H. J., ‘On some ancient paintings in churches of Athens’, Archaeologia, li (1888), 173–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Municipality of Thessaloniki, The Church of Saint Demetrios: The Watercolours and Drawings of W. S. George (Thessaloniki, 1985)Google Scholar (text in English and Greek).

10 Penrose, F. C., An Investigation of the Principles of Athenian Architecture (2nd edn., London, 1888)Google Scholar.

11 Antiq. J. viii (1928), 287Google Scholar.

12 Proc. Soc. Antiq. London, 2nd ser. xviii (1900), 167–8Google Scholar.

13 Ibid., xxi (1906), 167.

14 Ibid., xxii (1909), 487–9.

15 Ibid., xxv (1913), 135.

16 See, for instance, section C ‘Textiles’ in the bibliography of the work of Wace, A. J. B., B.S.A. xlvi (1951), 241–3Google Scholar; also his The Marlborough Tapestries at Blenheim Palace (London, 1968)Google Scholar.

17 Archaeologia, lxv (1914), 54Google Scholar, fig. 71.

18 Dr Sakellarakis and his wife, Dr Effie Sakellaraki, have excavated both in the Minoan settlement at Turkogeitonia, within Arkhanes village, and at the large and complex cemetery of Phourni nearby. Work began in 1965 on behalf of the Archaeological Society of Athens, in successive volumes of whose Ergon and Praktika preliminary accounts continue to be reported. Summaries are given in Arch. Rep.

19 Evans's views are set out in The Palace of Minos at Knossos, 4 vols. (1921–35), 11 (1928), 88–92Google Scholar. Interim accounts of the excavations of J. Shaw have been given in Hesperia, xlvi (1977), 199–240Google Scholar, and thereafter. Brief accounts appear each year in Arch. Rep.

20 Each man subsequently published syntheses of his work in northern Greece: Casson, S., Macedonia, Thrace and Illyria (London, 1926)Google Scholar; Heurtley, W. A., Prehistoric Macedonia (Cambridge, 1939)Google Scholar.

21 Evans, Joan, Time and Chance (London, 1943), 163Google Scholar.

22 A. J. Evans, Scripta Minoa, ii: The Written Documents of Minoan Crete, with special reference to the Archives of Knossos, ed. Myres, J. L. (Oxford, 1952)Google Scholar.

23 L. R. Palmer, ‘The find-places of the Knossos tablets’, and Boardman, J., ‘The date of the Knossos tablets’, in Palmer, L. R. and Boardman, J., On the Knossos Tablets (Oxford, 1963)Google Scholar.

24 Popham, M. R., The Destruction of the Palace at Knossos. Pottery of the Late Minoan III A Period, Stud. Mediterranean Arch. 12 (Göteborg, 1970)Google Scholar.

25 Hood, Sinclair and Taylour, William, The Bronze Age Palace at Knossos: Plan and Sections, British School at Athens Suppl. Vol. 13 (London, 1981)Google Scholar.

26 Hogarth, D. G., ‘Knossos II: early town and cemeteries’, B.S.A. (1899–1900), 70–85Google Scholar, esp. 82–4.

27 Atkinson, T. D. et al. , Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos conducted by the British School at Athens, Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Suppl. Pap. 4 (London, 1904)Google Scholar.

28 ‘… the successful tracing out of the ramifications of the necropolis was mainly owing to the extraordinary flair of the foreman Antonios Grigoriou, who had also worked here for Mr Hogarth, and whose life-long application to this congenial pursuit on early Cypriote sites has made him probably the most expert tomb-hunter in the Levant’ (Archaeologia, lix (1905), 392Google Scholar).

29 Pini, Ingo, Beiträge zur minoischen Gräbekunde (Wiesbaden, 1968)Google Scholar.

30 Archaeologia, lix (1905), 523Google Scholar.

31 Ibid., 441–9.

32 Ibid., 450–2.

33 Ibid., 415–17.

34 Ibid., 424–35.

35 Hood, M. S. F. and de Jong, P., ‘Late Minoan warrior graves’, B.S.A. xlvii (1952), 243–77Google Scholar; Hood, M. S. F., ‘Another warrior grave at Ayios Ioannis near Knossos’, B.S.A. li (1956), 81–99Google Scholar.

36 Popham, M. R. et al. , ‘Sellopoulo Tombs 3 and 4, two Late Minoan graves near Knossos’, B.S.A. lxix (1974), 195–257Google Scholar. The topic of burials with extensive assemblages of bronzes has recently been treated by Macdonald, C. in Driessen, J. and Macdonald, C., ‘Some military aspects of the Aegean in the late fifteenth and early fourteenth centuries B.C.’, B.S.A. lxxix (1984), 49–74Google Scholar; and also by Kilian-Dirlmeier, I., ‘Noch einmal zu den “Kriegergräbern” von Knossos’, Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, xxxii (1985), 196–214Google Scholar.

37 ‘Knossos, 1978’, Arch. Rep. (1978–9), 43–58.

38 For Katsambas, see Alexiou, S., Isterominoiki Taphi limenos Knossou (Katsamba) (Athens, 1967)Google Scholar.

39 It is doubtful whether the vault can actually have been as lofty as this.

40 Archaeologia, lix (1905), 556–7Google Scholar, fig. 14 and pl. XCV.

41 The stone vases are illustrated ibid., pls. xcviii-xcvix; the porphyritic bowl is well shown ibid., 532, fig. 124. For P. M. Warren's identification, see his Minoan Stone Vases (Cambridge, 1969), iii, G. 2Google Scholar.

42 Archaeologia, lix (1905), fig. 138.

43 e.g. B.S.A. xlvii (1952), 270Google Scholar, fig. 12.

44 Grave IV: Karo, G., Die Schachtgräber von Mykenai, I (Munich, 1930), 94Google Scholar, no. 389, figs. 138–9.

45 But a newly found grave at Mycenae (probably much later than Isopata) contained twenty-one working axes: Arch. Rep. (1985–6), 27.

46 Archaeologia, lxv (1914), 53Google Scholar and fig. 70. For the serpentine rhyton, ibid., 79–84, figs. 87–9, see Warren, op. cit. (note 41), 89 D.

47 Archaeologia, lxv (1914), 54Google Scholar, fig. 71.

48 The object is described and illustrated ibid., 42 and fig. 56. See also Renfrew, A. C., ‘Wessex without Mycenae’, B.S.A. lxiii (1968), 277–85Google Scholar. Harding, A. and Hughes-Brock, H., ‘Amber in the Mycenaean World’, B.S.A. lxix (1974) 145–72Google Scholar, esp. 157 f. and 167.

49 e.g. Schaeffer, C. F. A., ‘Ras Shamra et le monde Égéen’, Ugaritica, I, Mission Archéologique Française de Ras Shamra (Paris, 1939)Google Scholar.

50 Evans, A. J., The Shaft-Graves and Bee-Hive Tombs at Mycenae and their Interaction (London, 1929)Google Scholar.

51 Blegen, C. W., Korakou: a Prehistoric Settlement near Corinth (Boston and New York, 1921)Google Scholar.

52 See, for instance, Tsountas, Ch. and Manatt, J. I., The Mycenaean Age (London, 1897)Google Scholar.

53 B.S.A. xxv (1921–3), 283–397Google Scholar.

54 Ibid., 147–270, with discussion of the frescoes by Winifred Lamb, 249–55.

55 Ibid., 118–19.

56 Ibid., 122–5.

57 Ibid., 128–46.

58 Ibid., 18–38.

59 A. Furumark, The Mycenaean Pottery (Stockholm, 1941). The most recently published handbook on Mycenaean pottery, Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: a Guide to Identification, Stud. Mediterranean Arch. 73 (Göteborg, 1986), is the work of Dr Penelope Mountjoy, Student of the British School.

60 e.g. Archaeologia, lxxxii (1932), pl. iiiGoogle Scholar.

61 Ibid., pl. xlii, top left, nos. 5 and 9.

62 Arch. Rep. (1978–9), 46 (from T. 202).