A Roman Pottery of the Hadrian-Antonine Period at Verulamium

Philip Corder

doi:10.1017/S0003581500048332

A Roman Pottery of the Hadrian-Antonine Period at Verulamium

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 January 2012

Philip Corder

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During the excavation in 1932 of a small rectangular building in Insula V at Verulamium a large rubbish-pit was found impingeing upon, but not underlying, its south wall (Verulamium, pp. 111–12). Fourteen vessels from this pit are illustrated in the Report (ibid., p. 186 and figs. 30 and 31), and described as follows:

The contents of the pit included a number of ‘saggers’ and ‘wasters’ evidently the debris from some neighbouring kiln. Both the wasters and much of the pottery were of a uniform hard buff ware and had evidently come from the same source. The pottery, which was clearly of one period, was associated with coins of Sabina (A.D. 119–38—M. and S. 1023), Hadrian (A.D. 132–4—M. and S. 714), and Antoninus Pius (A.D. 154–5—M. and S. 930), and may be ascribed to the period A.D. 120–60.

It will be apparent that we have here the ‘throw-outs’ of a local pottery manufactory, whose activities are approximately dated by coins to the Hadrian-Antonine period, a date which can, moreover, be checked by reference to the associated non-local types.

Type: Research Article
Information: The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , October 1941 , pp. 271 - 298

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500048332 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1941

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^{page 271 note 1} In Verulamium figs. 30 and 31 no distinction is drawn between the local and non-local wares from pit 6. Examination of the sherds makes it possible to eliminate nos. 28, 30, 35, 38, 39, 40 from the local group, which formed the bulk of the pottery from the pit.

^{page 271 note 2} ‘The Romano-British Cemetery at St. Stephen's, near Verulamium’, by Davey, Norman, B.Sc, Ph.D., A.M.Inst.C.E., Transactions of the St. Albans & Herts. A. & A. Soc. 1935, pp. 243–75Google Scholar.

^{page 271 note 3} Although no kilns were found during the excavation of Insula V, the northwest corner of which was not explored, there was evidence in the form of lumps of baked clay, among sherds twisted and cracked by faulty firing, to show that the kilns themselves must await discovery not far from pit 6.

^{page 272 note 1} ‘A Romano-British Kiln discovered at Radlett’, by Wm. Page, F.S.A., St. Albans & Herts. A. & A. Soc., Trans., vol. i, part iii, n.s., pp. 176–84.

^{page 274 note 1} At the Caerleon Amphitheatre (Arch. lxxviii, 180) it was found that the angle formed by the flange with the shoulder of the bowl had this significance, obtuseangled flanges being dated from c. A.D. 110. This distinction cannot, however, be maintained at Verulamium, as Dr. Wheeler supposes (Verulamium, p. 196). Cf. fig. 2, and Verulamium, fig. 35, nos. 69, 70.

^{page 274 note 2} Mitteilungen der Altertums-Kommission für Westfalen V, Taf. XII, 56 and Abb. 31, p. 239.

^{page 275 note 1} J.R.S. xv, fig. 97, 11–13.

^{page 275 note 2} Corder, Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton, fig. 1, 9, 10.

^{page 275 note 3} Ibid., fig. 2, 3; fig. 15, 11–13, 15, 16.

^{page 275 note 4} Curle, A Roman Frontier Post and its People, type 37, pp. 249–50.

^{page 275 note 5} P.S.A. Scot. lxxiii, fig. 15, 6.

^{page 275 note 6} Y.A.J. xxvi, pl. xxiv, 76–84.

^{page 276 note 1} Arch. Ael., 3rd series, viii, fig. 7, 38–42; ibid., 4th series, xv, fig. 9, 17–18.

^{page 276 note 2} Arch. Camb. (June 1934), fig. 28, 93–160.

^{page 276 note 3} Grimes, ‘Holt, Denbighshire, the Twentieth Legion at Castle Lyons’, Y Cymmrodor, xli, fig. 65, pp. 153, 217.

^{page 276 note 4} Trans. C. & W.A.A. Soc. xi, n.s., pl. III, 1.

^{page 276 note 5} Ibid., new series, xxx, fig. 16, 63, 64.

^{page 276 note 6} Arch. Camb. (Dec. 1932), fig. 61, 386–404.

^{page 276 note 7} Miller, The Roman Fort at Balmuildy, pl. XLVII, I, and P.S.A. Scot. lxiii (1928–9), fig. 101, 1, 2 and pp. 536–7.

^{page 276 note 8} Verulamium, fig. 28, 20; and Insula XVII, pit 2 (unpublished).

^{page 276 note 9} Norfolk Archaeology, xxi (1936), V. 5, V. 6; J.R.S. xxii, p. 44.

^{page 276 note 10} Antiq. Journ. xviii, fig. 13, 11. p. 374.

^{page 276 note 11} Surrey A.C. xxxviii, fig. 1, 1–7, and p. 140.

^{page 276 note 12} It may well be that the kilns from which the army drew its supply of carinated bowls were destroyed in the disturbances which led to the disappearance of the IXth Legion, the destruction being confined to the frontier region.

^{page 277 note 1} Cf. Verulamium, fig. 31, 36, 37.

^{page 277 note 2} Wroxeter I, fig. 17, 6, 7, and p. 70.

^{page 277 note 3} Appletree Turret (C. & W.A.A.S. n.s. xiii, pl. xvii, 63).

^{page 277 note 4} Their relative scarcity at Verulamium is emphasized by the fact that not a single example occurs in the St. Stephen's Cemetery, which contains numerous examples of types 1, 6, 8, 10, and 11.

^{page 277 note 5} Miller, The Roman Fort at Balmuildy, p. 90.

^{page 277 note 6} Miller, The Roman Fort at Old Kilpatrick, p. 47.

^{page 277 note 7} P.S.A. Scot. lxiii, p. 539.

^{page 278 note 1} Birdoswald, C. & W.A.A. xxx, fig. 16, 79, 80; Chapel House Milecastle, Arch. Ael. 4th series, vii, pl. LII, 40; Bewcastle, C. & W.A.A., n.s., xxxviii, fig. 24, nos. 31, 32.

^{page 278 note 2} Verulamium, fig. 33, 51, 52, and p. 193.

^{page 278 note 3} Records of Buckinghamshire, vol. xiii, part iv, p. 276.

^{page 278 note 4} Ibid., pl. ix, 6.

^{page 280 note 1} Wheeler, The Roman Fort near Brecon, fig. 98, C36, C37 and p. 247, nos. 11–12.

^{page 280 note 2} Arch. Ael., 4th series, xv, fig. 11, pp. 280–2.

^{page 281 note 1} Balmuildy, pl. XLII; Old Kilpatrick, pl. xix.

^{page 281 note 2} Miller, Balmuildy, p. 79.

^{page 282 note 1} Richborough, type 11.

^{page 282 note 2} Guildhall Mus. Cat., no. 113; B.M. Roach Smith Col.; L.M. A. 11699, all illustrated in R.C.H.M. London, fig. 66, 36, fig. 64, 24, fig. 67, 48.

^{page 282 note 3} Archaeologia, lxvi, 252, fig. 15, 36.

^{page 282 note 4} St. Albans & Herts. A.A. Trans. (1935), fig. 18.

^{page 282 note 5} Verulamium, pp. 81–3.

^{page 283 note 1} Arch. Journ. lxxxviii, 256 and fig. 2, 320

^{page 283 note 2} Oelmann, Die Keramik des Kastells Niederbieber, Taf. III, 89.

^{page 283 note 3} Ibid., Abb. 55, fig. 1–5.

^{page 285 note 1} St. Albans & Herts. A.A. Trans. 1935, figs. 19 and 20.

^{page 285 note 2} Verulamium, pl. XLIX, 10.

^{page 285 note 3} Swarling, pl. viii, 12–15.

^{page 285 note 4} Verulamium, fig. 16, 45 a, b.

^{page 286 note 1} Silchester, pl. LXXVIII, 6.

^{page 286 note 2} Richborough, iii, pl. xxxvii.

^{page 286 note 3} R.C.H.M. Roman London, fig. 64, 19; fig. 66, 34, 33 ii; fig. 68, 59.

^{page 286 note 4} Richborough, i, pl. XXII.

^{page 286 note 5} J.R.S. xxii, pp. 40, 41, and pls. vii, viii.

^{page 286 note 6} As a group these vessels are slightly taller than our ‘Pit 6’ series in proportion to diameter of rim and girth, the average proportions of the four specimens illustrated being: A 73, B 98, c 42.

^{page 286 note 7} J.R.S. xxii, 41.

^{page 289 note 1} vide n. 2, p. 271.

^{page 289 note 2} Verulamium, fig. 32, 45 and pl. LIX, 2, 3, 4.

^{page 289 note 3} St. Albans & Herts. A.A. Trans. 1935, figs. 19, 24, 26.

^{page 290 note 1} J.R.S. xxii, p. 43 & pl. xi.

^{page 290 note 2} St. Albans & Herts. A.A. Trans. 1935, fig. 25.

^{page 290 note 3} Colchester Catalogue, pl. XLVIII, 206–8.

^{page 290 note 4} Mitteilungen der Altertums-Kommission für Westfalen, v, Abb. 29, 5.

^{page 290 note 5} May, Silchester, lxii, 115.

^{page 290 note 6} Ritterling, Das frührömische Lager bet Hofheim, Taf. xxxv, type 86 A.

^{page 290 note 7} Richborough iii, pl. xxxiii, 207.

^{page 290 note 8} Ritt. Abb. 81, 2.

^{page 290 note 9} Melandra Castle, pl. v. 4, 5.

^{page 290 note 10} Curle, Newstead, fig. 33, 9.

^{page 290 note 11} C. & W.A.A.S. xiii (1913), p. 355.

^{page 291 note 1} Antiq. Journ. xvii, pl. LXXXVII, 2, type 15.

^{page 291 note 2} One is illustrated in Verulamium, fig. 30, 29.

^{page 291 note 3} A flanged clay stopper was found with large two-handled jugs at Cannstatt (O.R.L. xxviii, Taf. vi, 29).

^{page 291 note 4} V.C.H. Herts, iv, pl. xv.

^{page 292 note 1} Niederbieber, Abb. 39, 7, 9, type 68.

^{page 292 note 2} O.R.L. xiii, p. 17, Taf. III, 31, 38, 47.

^{page 292 note 3} Ibid., xxviii, p. 68, Taf. vi, 30.

^{page 292 note 4} Archaeologia Cambrensis (1932), fig. 56, 94–100.

^{page 297 note 1} Archaeologia, lxvi, fig. 22, p. 241.

^{page 298 note 1} Curle, Newstead, pl. XLVIII, 43 and p. 257.

^{page 298 note 2} Verulamium, fig. 27, 7.

^{page 298 note 3} London Mus. Cat. No. 3, fig. 56, 10; B.M. Guide to R.B. fig. 128.

^{page 298 note 4} For example that from the Tilbury hut, London Mus. Cat. No. 3, p. 149.

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A Roman Pottery of the Hadrian-Antonine Period at Verulamium

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