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Serological and virological surveys of the influenza A viruses in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic penguins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2013

F. Xavier Abad ,
Núria Busquets ,
Azucena Sanchez ,
Peter G. Ryan ,
Natàlia Majó  and
Jacob Gonzalez-Solís
F. Xavier Abad*
Affiliation:
CReSA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
Núria Busquets
Affiliation:
CReSA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
Azucena Sanchez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Enfermedades Emergentes, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ctra. Algete, km 8, 28110 Algete, Madrid, Spain
Peter G. Ryan
Affiliation:
Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
Natàlia Majó
Affiliation:
CReSA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Jacob Gonzalez-Solís
Affiliation:
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

To evaluate the avian influenza virus (AIV) circulation in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic penguins we carried out a serosurvey on six species from Livingston, Marion and Gough islands. Seropositivity against AIV was performed on serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition assays. Some oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were also assayed to detect influenza virus genomes by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 12.1% (n = 140) penguins were seropositive to AIV. By species, we detected 5% (n = 19) and 11% (n = 18) seroprevalence in sub-Antarctic rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes spp.) from Gough and Marion islands, respectively, 42% (n = 33) seroprevalence in macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chysolophus Brandt), but no positives in the three other species, gentoo (Pygoscelis papua Forster; n = 25) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarctica Forster; n = 16), from Livingston Island and king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller; n = 27) from Marion Island. While seropositivity reflected previous exposure to the AIV, the influenza genome was not detected. Our results indicate that AIV strains have circulated in penguin species in the sub-Antarctic region, but further studies are necessary to determine the precise role that such penguin species play in AIV epidemiology and if this circulation is species (or genus) specific.

Keywords

antibodiesASPAavian pathogensinfluenza prevalencemarine animals
Type
Research Articles
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 25 , Issue 2: Byers Peninsula – A New Reference Site For The Maritime Antarctic , April 2013 , pp. 339 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2013

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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