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Antarctic sea anemone distribution, abundance and relationships with habitat composition, community structure and anthropogenic disturbance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2020

Leslie A. Watson Open the ORCID record for Leslie A. Watson [Opens in a new window] ,
Jonathan S. Stark Open the ORCID record for Jonathan S. Stark [Opens in a new window] ,
Glenn Johnstone ,
Erik Wapstra Open the ORCID record for Erik Wapstra [Opens in a new window]  and
Karen Miller
Leslie A. Watson*
Affiliation:
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS7001, Australia
Jonathan S. Stark
Affiliation:
Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS7050, Australia
Glenn Johnstone
Affiliation:
Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS7050, Australia
Erik Wapstra
Affiliation:
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS7001, Australia
Karen Miller
Affiliation:
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS7001, Australia Australian Institute of Marine Science, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

Understanding the distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of species in the Southern Ocean provides a foundation for assessing the impacts of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance on Antarctic ecosystems. In near-shore waters at Casey and Davis Stations, photoquadrat surveys were used to determine sea anemone distribution and abundance, habitat preferences, associations with other species and the impact of human disturbance on sea anemone distribution. Two distinct sea anemone morphotypes were found in this study: large sea anemones that require hard substrate for attachment and small, burrowing sea anemones found in muddy sediment. The large sea anemones were found in rocky habitats, with the exception of some sedimentary habitats where other biota were used as substrate. The large sea anemones were associated with a diverse community of epibenthic species found in rocky habitats. The burrowing sea anemones were associated with a less diverse assemblage of sediment-dwelling epibenthos. At Casey Station, sea anemones were more abundant in habitats adjacent to a former waste disposal site than at control sites. The reason for this is not yet known, but may be due to high organic matter inputs or, alternatively, a longer sea ice duration providing protection from ice scour.

Keywords

Actinariabenthic communitybiodiversityhuman impactmarine benthosphotoquadrat
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 186 - 198
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Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2020

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