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Prehistoric Remains in South-Western Asia Minor.—III1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

H. A. Ormerod
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Extract

The objects described in this section were found on a small prehistoric site at Tchukurkend on the eastern side of the Beishehir lake between Eflatoun Bounar and Kirili Kassaba. The village of Tchukurkend lies some two hours from the Hittite monument at Eflatoun Bounar and fifty minutes to the S.E. of the small town of Kirili Kassaba. On the previous day, coming from Eflatoun Bounar, I had ridden for the greater part of the way across the lower ground by the shores of the lake and had thus missed the village, but a jeweller in Kirili to whom I showed a small celt, with an enquiry if any were to be obtained in the neighbourhood, informed me that they were often found by the peasants at Tchukurkend. There in the hands of the villagers I found the two human figurines (Fig. 1A, B), the two animals (Fig. 2c, d), and the small fragment (Fig. 2b). They were all found with certain others which had been destroyed, on a low hill immediately above the village. Here was clearly a small prehistoric site in antiquity, now much denuded, on which I found a large quantity of obsidian, principally of the Melian variety, and a few fragments of the red-faced pottery common on other early sites in the district.

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Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 19 , November 1913 , pp. 48 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1913

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References

page 48 note 2 The jeweller already possessed one, which he imagined to possess the properties of a touchstone for gold (mehenk-tash). In Tchukurkend they were known as ghiaour-kessere (ghiaour's adze). Commonly they are known as thunderstones (yildirim-tash), and are not infrequently built into walls to ensure stability. I was ignorant of this practice when I described the finding of a celt thus built into a modern house-wall at Elmali. (B.S.A. xvi, p. 94.)

page 48 note 3 See Classical Review, xxvi, p. 77.

page 49 note 1 B.S.A. xvi, p. 90.

page 50 note 1 J.A.I. xxx, pp. 251–256, Pl. XXIV. It is perhaps worth while to correct a misapprehension that might arise from Dussoud, , Civilisations Préhell. p. 221Google Scholar, who quotes this figurine as from Lycia. The technique and style show it to belong to the same civilisation as the figurines published by MrPeet, (Annals, ii, p. 145)Google Scholar, which were also bought at Adalia, but have been shown by the discovery of a similar fragment on a mound at Fugla, (B.S.A. xvi, p. 104)Google Scholar near Tchai Kenar, the reported find-spot of Mr. Peet's figures, to belong to the early civilisation of the Hinterland rather than to the coastal districts.

page 51 note 1 See below, p. 57 f.

page 51 note 2 Loc. cit. p. 147.

page 51 note 3 See Myres, in El Amrah, p. 73.Google Scholar On the wide diffusion of steatopygous figurines see Capart, , Primitive Art in Egypt, pp. 160–164Google Scholar, where the principal references are collected.

page 51 note 4 C. R. loc. cit.

page 51 note 5 There is a figurine of almost similar form, except that it is not steatopygous and shows differences of the head, in the Liverpool Public Museum; it was bought in Athens, and is probably of Cycladic origin. The head is rendered in a way similar to those of the violin-shaped figures.

page 51 note 6 B.S.A. vi, 86; Dussoud, op. cit. p. 220.

page 51 note 7 See Wace, and Thompson, , Prehistoric Thessaly, p. 232.Google Scholar

page 51 note 8 E.g. Standing figures from Amorgos, , Man, 1901, p. 185, No. 14Google Scholar; Perrot and Chipiez, vi, Fig. 333. In the case of the last the steatopygia is clearly maiked, and in many respects the figure presents a contrast to the normal Cycladic type. That it is, however, of Cycladic workmanship seems certain from the style and technique of the head.

page 51 note 9 Op. cit. p. 225. The provenance of these figures is in every case doubtful.

page 52 note 1 Perrot and Chipiez, vi, Fig. 334; Hoernes, Urgeschichte, Fig. 38.

page 52 note 2 Op. cit. pp. 232, 242.

page 52 note 3 Op. cit. p. 170, Fig. 115.

page 52 note 4 See Hoernes, op. cit. p. 208 (Pl. III), p. 211 (Figs. 41–46), p. 227 (Pl. V, Fig. 20).

page 52 note 5 See below, pp. 58, 59.

page 53 note 1 S(chliemann) S(ammlung), 7649; T. u. I. i, p. 422.

page 53 note 2 B.S.A. xviii, p. 80.

page 53 note 3 E.g. Chantre, , Mission en Cappadoce, p. 132, Fig. 119, Pl. XXIV, 20. 11.Google Scholar A similar cap is worn by a figure of Seleucid date in Palestine, (Exc. in Palestine, p. 141, Fig. 53).Google Scholar

page 54 note 1 Hdt. vii, 77. Μιλύαι δὲ αἰχμάς τε βραχέας εῖχον καὶ εἴματα ἐνεπεπορπέστο εῖχον δὲ αὐτῶν τόξα μετεξέτεροι Λύκια, περὶ δὲ τῇσι κεφαλῇσι ἐκ διφθερέων πεποιημένας κυνέας

The horned helmets of bronze worn by the unknown people in ch. 76, where Stein ad loc. would fill the lacuna by Πισίδαι, may also perhaps be compared with those worn by Cappadocian figurines, e.g. Chantre, op. cit. Fig. 110.

page 55 note 1 S.S. 6446.

page 55 note 2 Perrot and Chipiez, Phrygia etc. Fig. 209.

page 55 note 3 Annals, loc. cit. Mr. Peet in discussing the Tchai Kenar figures compares the same crossed bands on a Trojan statuette (Ilios, Fig. 193, Hoernes, op cit. Fig. 22) and a statuette from the Laibacher Moor (Hoernes, Figs. 65–66). Similar bands appear on a small Trojan vase in human form (Hoernes, Fig. 24).

page 56 note 1 Wace and Thompson, op. cit. Figs. 30, 110.

page 56 note 2 The same attitude is shown by the Cappadocian figurine quoted above (Chantre, p. 132, Fig. 119).

page 56 note 3 C. R. Acad. Iuscr. et Belles Lettres, 1900, pp. 269 seqq.

page 56 note 4 Ath. Mitt. xxix, p. 287, Fig. 19.

page 57 note 1 From Hissarlik: Troja, Nos. 55, 67–9; Ilios, Nos. 160, 333–9; T. u. I. i, p. 1, Fig. 162; from Yortan: C. R. Ac. loc. cit. Pl. I, and a similar example in the Berlin collection.

page 57 note 2 Hissarlik: Ilios, No. 441; Yortan, : C. R. Ac. 1900, Pl. IIGoogle Scholar, and an example in Berlin.

page 58 note 1 B.S.A. xvi, p. 105, Pl. VII, 18, 19.

page 58 note 2 Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1901, p. 329.

page 59 note 1 Ilios, No. 1551.

page 60 note 1 Annals, loc. cit.

page 60 note 2 B.S.A. xvi, p. 104.

page 60 note 3 Mr. Peet compares certain Trojan examples (Ilios, Figs. 216, 220). The small marble figurine published by MrWoolley, , Annals, vi, p. 92, Pl. XXIVGoogle Scholar, from a tomb at Serrin in northern Syria is again reminiscent of the Tchai Kenar type. The violin-shaped figures of the Cyclades, Hissarlik and Yortan are also perhaps crude representatives of the same type.

page 60 note 4 Mr. Hasluck tells me that the vendors were natives of Caesarea.