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AN HONORIFIC GNOME OF THE KOINON OF THE PHRIKYLADAI. A NEW INSCRIPTION FROM LIVERPOOL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

Peter Liddel*
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
Polly Low
Affiliation:
University of Manchester

Abstract

This article publishes a new decree from the storerooms of Liverpool's World Museum. We provide a text and translation of the document, and discuss difficulties in reading the text as well as restorations where the stone is illegible. We offer an approximate dating of the document to the mid-third century, and suggest, on prosopographical and formulaic grounds, that it derives from Erythrae. We offer an interpretation of the status of the transaction (which describes itself as a gnome), the officials mentioned in the document, and the activities and nature of the Phrikyladai.

Η τιμητική γνώμη του κοινού των Φρικυλαδών. Μια νέα επιγραφή από το Λίβερπουλ

Το άρθρο αυτό δημοσιεύει για πρώτη φορά ένα ψήφισμα προερχόμενο από τις αποθήκες του Μουσείου του Κόσμου στο Λίβερπουλ. Παρουσιάζουμε το κείμενο και τη μετάφραση του ψηφίσματος, τις δυσκολίες στην ανάγνωση του κειμένου, καθώς και επίσης τις πιθανές συμπληρώσεις στα σημεία που το κείμενο δεν είναι αναγνώσιμο. Προτείνουμε ως χρονολόγηση του κειμένου τα μέσα του 3ου αιώνα και θεωρούμε, με βάση στοιχεία προσωπογραφίας και χρήσης τυποποιημένων εκφράσεων, ότι προέρχεται από τις Ερυθρές. Προτείνουμε ερμηνείες για τον τύπο της συνδιαλλαγής που περιέχεται στο κείμενο (η οποία εμφανίζεται ως ‘γνώμη’), για τους αξιωματούχους που αναφέρονται στο κείμενο, και για τον χαρακτήρα και τις δραστηριότητες των Φρικυλαδών.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2015 

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References

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Gabrielsen, V. 2009. ‘Brotherhoods of faith and provident planning: The non-public associations of the Greek World’, in Malkin, I., Constantakopoulou, C. and Panagopoulou, K. (eds.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean (London and New York), 176203.Google Scholar
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Gauthier, P. 1975. ‘Légendes monétaires grecques’ in Dentzer, J.-M., Gauthier, P. and Hackens, T. (eds.), Numismatique antique problèmes et méthodes: actes du colloque organisé à Nancy du 27 septembre au 2 octobre 1971 (Nancy and Louvain), 165–79.Google Scholar
Georgoudi, S. 2005. ‘Magistrats, fonctionnaires, agents au service des dieux’ in Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum (ThesCRA) V (Los Angeles), 3160.Google Scholar
Graf, F. 2010. ‘The Kyrbantes of Erythrai’, in Reger, G., Ryan, F.X. and Winters, F., Studies in Greek History and Epigraphy in Honor of Stephen V. Tracy (Bordeaux), 301–9.Google Scholar
Head, V. 1911. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics, enlarged edn (Oxford).Google Scholar
Henry, A.S. 1980. ‘Petrified silence: An essay in epigraphical restoration’, in Vindex Humanitatis. Essays in Honour of John Huntly Bishop (Armidale), 1733.Google Scholar
Henry, A.S. 1983. Honours and Privileges in Athenian Decrees. The Principal Formulae of Athenian Honorary Decrees (Hildesheim, Zurich and New York).Google Scholar
Hornblower, S.N. 1982. Mausolus (Oxford).Google Scholar
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Hyde, F.E. 1975. Cunard and the North Atlantic, 1840–1923 (London).Google Scholar
Jim, T. 2014. Sharing with the Gods. Aparchai and Dekatai in Ancient Greece (Oxford).Google Scholar
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Kinns, P. 1980. ‘Studies in the coinage of Ionia: Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, c.400–300 bc’ (unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge University).Google Scholar
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Larfeld, W. 1907. Handbuch der Griechischen Epigraphik. Volume 1 (Leipzig).Google Scholar
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Lupu, E. 2005. Greek Sacred Law. A Collection of New Documents (NGSL) (Leiden).Google Scholar
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Papazarkadas, N. 2009. ‘The decree of Aigeis and Aiantis (Agora I 6793) revisited’, in Papazarkadas, N. and Themos, A.A. (eds.), Ἀττικὰ Ἐπιγραφικά: Μελέτες πρὸς τιμὴν τοῦ Christian Habicht (Athens), 151–65.Google Scholar
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Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1939–40. ‘Per la storia delle associazioni in Rodi antica’, Annuario della Scuola archeologica in Atene n.s. 1–2, 147200.Google Scholar
Rauh, N.K. 1993. The Sacred Bonds of Commerce. Religion, Economy, and Trade Society at Hellenistic Roman Delos (Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. 1972. The Athenian Boule (Oxford).Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. with Lewis, D.M. 1997. Decrees of the Greek States (Oxford).Google Scholar
Ricl, M. 2013. ‘ Trapezonai in the Sanctuary of Pluto and Kore at Acharaca’, Ancient West and East 12, 295302.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, L. 2004. ‘Aiolis and South-Western Mysia’ in Hansen, M.H. and Nielsen, T.H. (eds.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford), 1033–52.Google Scholar
Şahin, S. 1985. ‘Ein Neues Dekret der Symmoria zu Ehren ihrer Prostatai in Teos’, Epigraphica Anatolica 5, 1316.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. 1995. ‘Rite cultuel et rituel social: à propos des manières de boire le vin dans les cités grecques’ in Murray, O. and Tecuşan, M. (eds.), In Vino Veritas (London), 93105.Google Scholar
Sherk, R. 1991. ‘The eponymous officials of Greek cities III’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 88, 225260.Google Scholar
Smyth, H.W. 1956. Greek Grammar, rev. Messing, G.M. (Harvard).Google Scholar
Sokolowsky, F. 1955. Lois sacrées de l'Asie Mineure (Paris).Google Scholar
Stewart-Brown, R. 1911. A History of the Manor and Township of Allerton in the County of Lancaster (Liverpool).Google Scholar
Stroud, R. 1998. The Athenian Grain Tax Law of 374 bc . Hesperia Supplement 29 (Princeton).Google Scholar
Vlassopoulos, K. 2009. ‘Beyond and below the polis: Networks, associations and the writing of Greek history’ in Malkin, I., Constantakopoulou, C. and Panagopoulou, K. (eds.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean (London and New York), 1223.Google Scholar
Walbank, M. 1978. Athenian Proxenies of the Fifth Century bc (Toronto and Sarasota).Google Scholar
Wallace, W. 1950. ‘Some Eretrian mint magistrates’, Phoenix 4, 21–6.Google Scholar
Weiss, P. 2000. ‘Euergesie oder römische Prägegenehmigung?’, Chiron 30, 235–54.Google Scholar
Arnaoutoglou, I. 1998. Ancient Greek Laws. A Sourcebook (London).Google Scholar
Arnaoutoglou, I. 2011. ‘ Ils étaient dans la ville, mais tout à fait en debors de la cité: Status and identity in private religious associations in Hellenistic Athens’, in Nijf, O.M. van and Alston, R. (eds.), Political Culture in the Greek City after the Classical Age (Leuven, Paris and Walpole, MA), 2748.Google Scholar
Austin, M.M. 2006. The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest. A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation, 2nd edn (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Bagnall, R.S. and Derow, P.S. 2004. The Hellenistic Period. Historical Sources in Translation, 2nd edn (Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclay, J. 1623. Argenis (Frankfurt).Google Scholar
Bechtel, F. and Fick, A. 1894. Die griechischen Personennamen nach ihrer Bildung erklärt und systematisch geordnet, 2nd edn (Göttingen).Google Scholar
Bingen, J. 1952. Papyrus Revenue Laws (Göttingen).Google Scholar
Boulay, T. 2013. ‘Les “groups de reference” au sein du corps civique de Téos’ in Fröhlich, P. and Hamon, P. (eds.), Groupes et associations dans les cités grecques (IIIe siècle av. J.-C. – IIe siècle apr. J.-C.). Actes de la table ronde de Paris, INHA, 19–20 juin 2009 (Geneva), 251–75.Google Scholar
Burnett, A., Amandry, M. and Carradice, I. 1999. Roman Provincial Coinage, vol. II (The Flavians) (London).Google Scholar
Burstein, S.M. 1985. The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra VII (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceka, N. 1982. ‘Vula antike mbi tjegulla në trevën ndërmjet Aosit dhe GenusitIliria 12.1, 103–30.Google Scholar
Clarysse, W. and Vandorpe, C. 1998. ‘The Ptolemaic apomoira’ in Melaerts, H. (ed.), Le culte du souverain dans l'Égypte ptolémaïque au IIIe siècle avant notre ère. Actes du colloque international, Bruxelles 10 mai 1995. Studia Hellenistica 34 (Leuven), 542.Google Scholar
Constantakopoulou, C. 2012. ‘Beyond the polis: Island koina and other non-polis entities in the Aegean’, Revue des études anciennes 114.2, 301–31.Google Scholar
Crowther, C.V. 1992. ‘The decline of Greek democracy?’, Journal of Ancient Civilizations 7, 1348.Google Scholar
Csapo, E. 2007. ‘The men who built the theatres: theatropolai, theatronai, and architektones ’, in Wilson, P. (ed.), The Greek Theatre and Festivals. Documentary Studies (Oxford), 87121.Google Scholar
Davies, J.K. 2001. ‘Temples, credit, and the circulation of money’, in Meadows, A. and Shipton, K., Money and Its Uses in the Ancient Greek World (Oxford), 117–28.Google Scholar
Dignas, B. 2002. ‘Priestly authority in the cult of the Corybantes at Erythrae’, Epigraphica Anatolica 34, 2940.Google Scholar
Dmitriev, S. 2005. City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor (Oxford).Google Scholar
Engen, D. 2010. Honor and Profit. Athenian Trade Policy and the Economy and Society of Greece, 415–307 B.C.E. (Ann Arbor).Google Scholar
Fröhlich, P. 2004. Les cités grecques et le contrôle de magistrats (IVe–Ier siècle avant J.-C.) (Geneva).Google Scholar
Gabrielsen, V. 2001. ‘The Rhodian Associations and economic activity’, in Archibald, Z., Davies, J.K. and Oliver, G.J. (eds.), Hellenistic Economies (London and New York), 215–44.Google Scholar
Gabrielsen, V. 2009. ‘Brotherhoods of faith and provident planning: The non-public associations of the Greek World’, in Malkin, I., Constantakopoulou, C. and Panagopoulou, K. (eds.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean (London and New York), 176203.Google Scholar
Garbrah, K.A. 1978. A Grammar of the Ionic Inscriptions from Erythrae: Phonology and Morphology (Meisenheim am Glan).Google Scholar
Gauthier, P. 1975. ‘Légendes monétaires grecques’ in Dentzer, J.-M., Gauthier, P. and Hackens, T. (eds.), Numismatique antique problèmes et méthodes: actes du colloque organisé à Nancy du 27 septembre au 2 octobre 1971 (Nancy and Louvain), 165–79.Google Scholar
Georgoudi, S. 2005. ‘Magistrats, fonctionnaires, agents au service des dieux’ in Thesaurus Cultus et Rituum Antiquorum (ThesCRA) V (Los Angeles), 3160.Google Scholar
Graf, F. 2010. ‘The Kyrbantes of Erythrai’, in Reger, G., Ryan, F.X. and Winters, F., Studies in Greek History and Epigraphy in Honor of Stephen V. Tracy (Bordeaux), 301–9.Google Scholar
Head, V. 1911. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics, enlarged edn (Oxford).Google Scholar
Henry, A.S. 1980. ‘Petrified silence: An essay in epigraphical restoration’, in Vindex Humanitatis. Essays in Honour of John Huntly Bishop (Armidale), 1733.Google Scholar
Henry, A.S. 1983. Honours and Privileges in Athenian Decrees. The Principal Formulae of Athenian Honorary Decrees (Hildesheim, Zurich and New York).Google Scholar
Hornblower, S.N. 1982. Mausolus (Oxford).Google Scholar
Hornblower, S.N. 1994. ‘Persia’, in Lewis, D.M., Boardman, J, Hornblower, S.N. and Ostwald, M. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd edition. Volume vi. The Fourth Century bc (Cambridge), 4596.Google Scholar
Hyde, F.E. 1975. Cunard and the North Atlantic, 1840–1923 (London).Google Scholar
Jim, T. 2014. Sharing with the Gods. Aparchai and Dekatai in Ancient Greece (Oxford).Google Scholar
Jones, N.F. 1987. Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, 176 (Philadelphia).Google Scholar
Kinns, P. 1980. ‘Studies in the coinage of Ionia: Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, c.400–300 bc’ (unpublished PhD thesis, Cambridge University).Google Scholar
Kretschmer, P. (ed. Locke, E.) 1944. Rückläufiges Wörterbuch der griechischen Sprache (Göttingen).Google Scholar
Lalonde, G. 1971. ‘The publication and transmission of Greek diplomatic documents’ (unpublished PhD thesis, Washington University).Google Scholar
Larfeld, W. 1907. Handbuch der Griechischen Epigraphik. Volume 1 (Leipzig).Google Scholar
Latham, S. 2009. The Art of Scandal. Modernism, Libel Law, and the Roman à Clef (Oxford).Google Scholar
Lupu, E. 2005. Greek Sacred Law. A Collection of New Documents (NGSL) (Leiden).Google Scholar
MacDowell, D.M. 1990. Demosthenes: Against Meidias (Oxford).Google Scholar
McNicholl, A.W. 1997. Hellenistic Fortifications from the Aegean to the Euphrates, revised edn with additional chapter by Milner, N. (Oxford).Google Scholar
Murray, O. 1990. ‘The affair of the Mysteries: Democracy and the drinking group’, in Murray, O. (ed.), Sympotica. A Symposium on the Symposion (Oxford), 149–61.Google Scholar
Nijf, O.M. van 1997. The Civic World of Professional Associations in the Roman East (Gieben).Google Scholar
Oliver, G.J. 2007. War, Society and Politics in Early Hellenistic Athens (Oxford).Google Scholar
Papazarkadas, N. 2009. ‘The decree of Aigeis and Aiantis (Agora I 6793) revisited’, in Papazarkadas, N. and Themos, A.A. (eds.), Ἀττικὰ Ἐπιγραφικά: Μελέτες πρὸς τιμὴν τοῦ Christian Habicht (Athens), 151–65.Google Scholar
Papazarkadas, N. 2011. Sacred and Public Land in Ancient Athens (Oxford).Google Scholar
Parker, R.C.T. 1996. Athenian Religion: A History. (Oxford).Google Scholar
Piérart, M. 1985. ‘Modèles de repartition des citoyens dans les cités ioniennes’, Revue des études anciennes 8 (1985), 169–90.Google Scholar
Poland, F. 1909. Geschichte des griechischen Vereinswesens (Leipzig).Google Scholar
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1939–40. ‘Per la storia delle associazioni in Rodi antica’, Annuario della Scuola archeologica in Atene n.s. 1–2, 147200.Google Scholar
Rauh, N.K. 1993. The Sacred Bonds of Commerce. Religion, Economy, and Trade Society at Hellenistic Roman Delos (Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. 1972. The Athenian Boule (Oxford).Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. with Lewis, D.M. 1997. Decrees of the Greek States (Oxford).Google Scholar
Ricl, M. 2013. ‘ Trapezonai in the Sanctuary of Pluto and Kore at Acharaca’, Ancient West and East 12, 295302.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, L. 2004. ‘Aiolis and South-Western Mysia’ in Hansen, M.H. and Nielsen, T.H. (eds.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford), 1033–52.Google Scholar
Şahin, S. 1985. ‘Ein Neues Dekret der Symmoria zu Ehren ihrer Prostatai in Teos’, Epigraphica Anatolica 5, 1316.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. 1995. ‘Rite cultuel et rituel social: à propos des manières de boire le vin dans les cités grecques’ in Murray, O. and Tecuşan, M. (eds.), In Vino Veritas (London), 93105.Google Scholar
Sherk, R. 1991. ‘The eponymous officials of Greek cities III’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 88, 225260.Google Scholar
Smyth, H.W. 1956. Greek Grammar, rev. Messing, G.M. (Harvard).Google Scholar
Sokolowsky, F. 1955. Lois sacrées de l'Asie Mineure (Paris).Google Scholar
Stewart-Brown, R. 1911. A History of the Manor and Township of Allerton in the County of Lancaster (Liverpool).Google Scholar
Stroud, R. 1998. The Athenian Grain Tax Law of 374 bc . Hesperia Supplement 29 (Princeton).Google Scholar
Vlassopoulos, K. 2009. ‘Beyond and below the polis: Networks, associations and the writing of Greek history’ in Malkin, I., Constantakopoulou, C. and Panagopoulou, K. (eds.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean (London and New York), 1223.Google Scholar
Walbank, M. 1978. Athenian Proxenies of the Fifth Century bc (Toronto and Sarasota).Google Scholar
Wallace, W. 1950. ‘Some Eretrian mint magistrates’, Phoenix 4, 21–6.Google Scholar
Weiss, P. 2000. ‘Euergesie oder römische Prägegenehmigung?’, Chiron 30, 235–54.Google Scholar
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