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A hierarchical knowledge-based classification for glacier terrain mapping: a case study from Kolahoi Glacier, Kashmir Himalaya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2016

Aparna Shukla  and
Iram Ali
Aparna Shukla*
Affiliation:
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), Dehradun, India
Iram Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
*
Correspondence: Aparna Shukla <[email protected]>
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Abstract

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A glacierized terrain comprises different land covers, and their mapping using satellite data is challenged by their spectral similarity. We propose a hierarchical knowledge-based classification (HKBC) approach for differentiation of glacier terrain classes and mapping of glacier boundaries, using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery and Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM). The methodology was tested over Kolahoi Glacier, Kashmir Himalaya. For the sequential extraction of various glacier terrain classes, several input layers were generated from the primary datasets by applying image-processing techniques. Noticeable differences in temperature and spectral response between supraglacial debris and periglacial debris facilitated the development of a thermal glacier mask and normalized-difference debris index, which together with slope enabled their differentiation. These and the other layers were then used in several discrete tests in HKBC, to map various glacier terrain classes. An ASTER visible near-infrared image and 42 field points were used to validate results. The proposed approach satisfactorily classified all the glacier terrain classes with an overall accuracy of 89%. The Z-test reveals that results obtained from HKBC are significantly (at 95% confidence level) better than those from a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC). Glacier boundaries obtained from HKBC were found to be plausibly better than those obtained from MLC and visual interpretation.

Keywords

debris-covered glaciersglacier delineationglacier mappingsupraglacial debris
Type
Paper
Information
Annals of Glaciology , Volume 57 , Issue 71 , March 2016 , pp. 1 - 10
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016

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