Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:20:31.375Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Unit-Linked Life Insurance Contracts with Lapse Rates Dependent on Economic Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2011

A. W. Kolkiewicz
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada., Email: [email protected]
K. S. Tan
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; and China Institute for Actuarial Science, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Many recently introduced unit-linked life insurance policies contain provisions allowing policyholders to lapse the product. The problem of pricing this surrender option is difficult as it involves modelling lapse decisions which may be contingent on different factors. This paper develops a methodology which enables us to model lapse behaviour within a framework provided by developments in financial economics. Using marked point processes with stochastic intensities, we present an approach which accounts for changes in the lapse behaviour of policyholders due to different economic factors. As a result, the model produces more accurate financial values for insurance contracts contingent on financial markets. In the context of unit-linked policies, we illustrate the method by allowing the lapse decision to depend on the stochastic volatility of the underlying asset. Our simulation study indicates that there is a strong relation between the single premiums of these policies and the lapse behaviour.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albizzati, M. & Geman, H. (1994). Interest rate risk management and valuation of the surrender option in life insurance policies. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 4, 616637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P.K., Borgan, O., Gill, R.D. & Keiding, N. (1993). Statistical models based on counting processes. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asay, M.R., Bouyoucos, P.J. & Marciano, A.M. (1993). An economic approach to valuation of single premium deferred annuities. In Financial Optimization, edited by Zenios, S. A.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bakshi, G., Cao, C. & Chen, Z. (1997). Empirical performance of alternative option pricing models. Journal of Finance, LII(5), 20032049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollerslev, T., Chou, T. & Kroner, K. (1992). ARCH modelling in finance: a selective review of theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Econometrics, 52, 201224.Google Scholar
Bowers, N.L., Gerber, H.U., Hickman, J.C., Jones, D.A. & Nesbit, C.J. (1997). Actuarial mathematics. The Society of Actuaries, Second Edition, Illinois.Google Scholar
Boyle, P.P., Cox, S.H., Dufresne, D., Gerber, H.U., Mueller, H.H., Pedersen, H.W., Pliska, S.R., Sherris, M., Shiu, E.S.W. & Tan, K.S. (1998). Financial economics: with applications to investments, insurance and pensions. (Panjer, H., ed.) The Actuarial Foundation, Schaumburg, IL.Google Scholar
Breeden, D. (1979). An intertemporal asset pricing model with stochastic consumption and investment opportunities. Journal of Financial Economics, 7, 265296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brémaud, P. (1981). Point processes and queues, martingale dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Cox, J.C., Ingersoll, J.E. & Ross, S.A. (1985). A theory of the term structure of interest rates. Econometrica, 53, 385408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesney, M., Elliott, R.J., Madan, D. & Yang, H. (1993). Diffusion coefficient estimation and asset pricing when risk premia and sensitivities are time varying. Mathematical Finance, 3, 8599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekern, S. & Persson, S.A. (1996). Exotic unit-linked life insurance contracts. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory, 1, 3563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouque, J.P., Papanicolaou, G. & Sircar, K.R. (2000). Derivatives in financial markets with stochastic volatility. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gesser, V. & Poncert, P. (1997). Volatility patterns: theory and some evidence from the dollar-mark option market. The Journal of Derivatives, 4, 4661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghysels, E., Harvey, A. & Renault, E. (1996). Stochastic volatility. In Handbook of statistics, 14, Statistical Methods in Finance. North Holland.Google Scholar
Hardy, M. (2003). Investment guarantees, modeling and risk management for equity-linked life insurance. Hoboken N.J.: Wiley.Google Scholar
Heston, S. (1993). A closed form solution for options with stochastic volatility with applications to bond and currency options. Review of Financial Studies, 6, 327343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, N., Platen, E. & Schweizer, M. (1992). Option pricing under incompleteness and stochastic volatility. Mathematical Finance, 3, 153187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, J. & White, A. (1987). The pricing of options an assets with stochastic volatilities. Journal of Finance, 42, 281300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalbfleisch, J.D. & Prentice, R.L. (1980). The statistical analysis of failure time data. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Karatzas, I. & Shreve, E. (1991). Brownian motion and stochastic calculus. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Kloeden, P. & Platen, E. (1992). Numerical solution of stochastic differential equations. Applications of Mathematics Series, 23, Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Møller, T. (1998). Risk-minimizing hedging strategies for unit-linked life insurance contracts. ASTIN Bulletin, 1, 516.Google Scholar
Nelson, D.B. (1990). ARCH models as diffusion approximation. Journal of Econometrics, 45, 738.Google Scholar
Nielsen, J.A. & Sandmann, K. (1995). Equity-linked life insurance: a model with stochastic interest rates. Insurance: Mathematics & Economics, 16, 225253.Google Scholar
Panjer, H.H. & Tan, K.S. (1995). Graduation of Canadian individual insurance mortality experience: 1986–1992. Proceedings of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries.Google Scholar
Persson, S.A. & Aase, K.K. (1997). Valuation of the minimum guaranteed return embedded in life insurance products. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 4, 599617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romano, M. & Touzi, N. (1997). Contingent claims and market completeness in a stochastic volatility model. Mathematical Finance, 4, 399412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinstein, M. (1985). Nonparametric tests of alternative options pricing models. Journal of Finance, XL, 455480.Google Scholar
Shen, W. & Xu, H. (2005). The valuation of unit-linked policies with or without surrender options. Insurance: Mathematics & Economics, 36, 7992.Google Scholar
Sin, C.A. (1996). Strictly local martingales and hedge ratios on stochastic volatility models. PhD Thesis, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Sin, C.A. (1998). Complications with stochastic volatility models. Advances in Applied Probability, 30, 256268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, L. (1987). Option pricing when the variance changes randomly: theory, estimation, and an application. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 22, 419438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, E.M. & Stein, J.C. (1991). Stock price distributions with stochastic volatility: an analytic approach. Review of Financial Studies, 4(4), 727752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, J. (1987). Options values under stochastic volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 19, 351372.Google Scholar