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L'idée Républicaine et L'interprétation du Passé National

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Mona Ozouf*
Affiliation:
CNRS-CRH

Extract

Rien ne paraissait plus désuet, au sortir de la deuxième guerre mondiale, que la référence à l'idée républicaine ; elle était, semblait-il, inséparable du discrédit qui frappait une Troisième République convaincue de tous les crimes à la fois : d'avoir prêchéune morale de la soumission ; de s'être montrée sourde au malheur social, en proposant aux pauvres de travailler beaucoup et de prendre patience en attendant des jours meilleurs ; d'avoir brutalisé, à l'intérieur, les minorités, et mené à l'extérieur une politique coloniale sans tendresse ; d'avoir sacrifié la société à l'État. Si, à ce discrédit historique, on ajoute le discrédit philosophique qui s'attachait au langage abstrait des droits, tenu pour le camouflage de la domination bourgeoise, on comprend que nul alors n'aurait parié un centime sur les ressources du modèle républicain.

Summary

Summary

The republican ideal, which has today, once again, been given a place of honor, which is considered entirely coherent and invoked as the unique cure for ail this era 's evils, continues to illustrate the difficulties that French people have with their past. From the time of its revolutionary birth, the French republican ideal was meant to be a promise of humanities eternal renewal and was thus defined by a break with time and a contempt for tradition. In order that the republican regime might, after a century of hesitating, establish itself finally in France, the founding fathers of the Third Republic had to erase the revolutionary origines of the republican ideal, reintegrate ail of the national past and reject the imaginary break: these efforts resulted in a much more complex, more problematic and also more pragmatic republican ideal, than that wich is magically invoked today.

Retracing this itinerary is a manner of persuading ourselves that our era can no longer believe in the coherence and integrity of the model of the Third Republic. It is also a means to seize upon that which the republican ideal still offers as a rectification to democratic drifts, be they despotic or prosaïc.

Type
L'idée Républicaine
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 1998

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