Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:21:22.374Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

L'Aborigène, La Race et L'État Débat sur les minorités et hégémonie nationale en Australie

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Aram A. Yengoyan
Aram A. Yengoyan*
Affiliation:
Université de Californie, Davis
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Au cœur du débat sur les minorités, le statut des aborigènes australiens à l'intérieur de la communauté nationale suscite de multiples difficultés qui sont loin d'être encore résolues. Dans la version contemporaine, ce débat met aux prises des forces d'ordre historique, culturel, économique autant que politique. De là une complexité accrue des problèmes mais aussi une projection du passé lointain ou proche dans le présent avec une intensité rarement atteinte. Ce sont les différents fils de cet écheveau que je me propose de démêler et de relier ici. Écheveau d'un débat véhément, acerbe parfois, né de l'histoire et des premiers contacts entre les communautés, et dont la propriété du sol, dans la quasi-totalité de la société australienne, constitue aujourd'hui l'abcès de fixation.

Summary

Summary

This paper examines the status of Aboriginal Australians in relation to post-contact history and the development of the national Australian State. Traditional Aboriginal essentialisms of blood and land persist across this time span and define critical arenas in which cultural, economie and political aspects of the contemporary minority debate occur. The long standing silence on the role of the Aboriginal populations within this history of Aboriginal and European contact is being broken by both Aboriginals and scholars. It is argued here that blood (race), and the spirituality which Aboriginals endow to place and space—land—are traditional cultural foundations that provide the basis of Aboriginality as an ideology and a highly visible political culture. Blood is a pivotal, essential and irreductible factor in what constitutes Aboriginality; land is the source of all being and existence, and the return to ancestral lands and tracks is vital for all Aboriginal peoples. Thus, land rights issues and policies, most recently the “Marbo” decisions, are at the center of the assertion of Aboriginal identity and political activism and are manifest at local, national, and global levels, and it is local essentialisms, such as blood and land, which cernent and bind societies to their past and define their future.

Type
La Construction des Minorités
Information
Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 52 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 621 - 631
Copyright
Copyright © École des hautes études en sciences sociales Paris 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliographie

Allen, (Harry), « History Matters — A Commentary on Divergent Interprétations of Australian History », Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1988, n° 2, pp. 79–89.Google Scholar
Attwood, (Bain), The Making ofAborigines, Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1989.Google Scholar
Beckett, (Jeremy R.) éd., Past and Présent : The Construction of Aboriginality, Canberra, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988a. « Aboriginality, Citizenship and Nation State », dans Aborigines and the State in Australia, numéro spécial de Social Analysis, 1988b, n° 24, pp. 3–18.Google Scholar
Bourke, (Colin), Bourke, (Eleanor) et Edward, (Bill) éds, Aboriginal Australia : An Introductory Reader in Aboriginal Studies, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Bourke, (Eleanor), « Australia's First People : Identity and Population », dans Bourke (C).Google Scholar
Bourke, (E.) et Edward, (B.) éds, Aboriginal Studies, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1994, pp. 35–48.Google Scholar
Carter, (Paul), Living in a New Country : History, Travelling and Language, Londres. Faber and Faber, 1992.Google Scholar
Cassidy, (Julie), « The Significance of the Classification of a Colonial Acquisition : The Conquered/Settled Distinction », Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1988, n° 1, pp. 2–17.Google Scholar
Donaldson, (lan), Donaldson, (Tamsin) éds, Seeing the First Australians, Sydney, George- Allen and Unwin, 1985.Google Scholar
Elder, (Bruce), Blood on the Wattle : Massacres and Maltreatment of Australian Aborigines since 1788, Frenchs Forest, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Child and Associates, 1988.Google Scholar
Hollinsworth, (David), « Discourses on Aboriginality and the Politics of Identity in Urban Australia », Oceania, 1992, n° 63, pp. 137–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, (Michael C), « Introduction », dans Howard, (M. C.) éd., Aboriginal Power in Australian Society, St Lucia, University of Brisbane Press, 1982, pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Keeffe, (Kevin), « Aboriginality : Résistance and Persistence », Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1988, n° 1, pp. 67–81.Google Scholar
Keen, (Ian) éd., Being Black : Aboriginal Cultures in « Settled » Australia, Canberra, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Mauss, (Marcel), « Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l'échange dans les sociétés archaïques », dans Sociologie et anthropologie, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1950.Google Scholar
Peterson, (Nicolas), « A Colonial Image : Penetrating the Reality of the Message », Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1989, n° 2, pp. 59–62.Google Scholar
Rowley, (C. D.), The destruction of Aboriginal Society, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1970. Outcasts in White Australia, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1971a. The Remote Aborigines, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1971b. Recovery : The Politics of Aboriginal Reform, Ringwood, Penguin Books, 1986.Google Scholar
Smith, (Bernard), European Vision and the South Pacific, 2e édition, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Tatz, (Colin), Race Politics in Australia : Aborigines, Politics andLaw, Armidale, University of New England Publishing Unit., 1979.Google Scholar
Sturmer, Von (J.), « Changing Aboriginal Identity in Cape York », dans Tugby, D. éd., Aboriginal Identity in Contemporary Australian Society, Milton, Queensland, The Jacarandra Press, 1973.Google Scholar