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Insect emergence in Canadian coldwater springs: spatial andtemporal patterns, and species-environment relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2009

F. O. Gathmann  and
D. D. Williams
F. O. Gathmann
Affiliation:
Surface and Groundwater Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
D. D. Williams
Affiliation:
Surface and Groundwater Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
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Abstract

Considerable spatial and temporal variability was detected in the environmental conditions in 30 coldwater springs in southernOntario, Canada. Using standard pyramidal emergence traps, a total of 86 insect species was recorded from these springs (notincluding the Chironomidae). These represented nine taxonomic groups, among which the Limoniidae (Diptera) was the mostdiverse with 38 species. Fifty-five per cent of all species recorded had a low frequency (found at three or fewer sites), and onlyfor very few of these rare species were more than 10 individuals m-2 collected. Interannual differences were also apparent.Continuous sampling over time showed that emergence records from a single year, on average, contained only around 50% ofthe total number of species obtained during the entire study. Species-environment relationships analyzed by CanonicalCorrespondence Analysis indicated that temperature and discharge correlated most strongly with insect community similarityamong spring sites. The prospects for developing regional typologies of coldwater springs, based on their environmental conditions,and the implications of species loss to the continuity of function of coldwater spring ecosystems are discussed.

Keywords

coldwater springsspecies-environment relationshipsinsect emergenceLimoniidae
Type
Research Article
Information
Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 143 - 156
Copyright
© Université Paul Sabatier, 2006

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