Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:00:37.644Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Zinc availability and digestive zinc solubility in piglets and broilers fed diets varying in their phytate contents, phytase activity and supplemented zinc source

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

P. Schlegel ,
Y. Nys  and
C. Jondreville
P. Schlegel*
Affiliation:
Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Research Station ALP, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR791 Physiologie de la Nutrition et Alimentation, 75231 Paris, France
Y. Nys
Affiliation:
INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
C. Jondreville
Affiliation:
INRA, Agrocampus, UMR1079 Systèmes d’élevage Nutrition animale et humaine, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc addition (0 or 15 mg/kg of Zn as inorganic or organic zinc) to three maize–soybean meal basal diets varying in their native Zn, phytic P contents and phytase activity (expressed in kg of feed: P− with 25 mg Zn and 1.3 g phytic P, P+ with 38 mg Zn and 2.3 g phytic P or P+/ENZ being P+ including 500 units (FTU) of microbial phytase per kg) in two monogastric species (piglets, broilers). Measured parameters were growth performance, zinc status (plasma, and bone zinc) and soluble zinc in digesta (stomach, gizzard and intestine). The nine experimental diets were fed for 20 days either to weaned piglets (six replicates per treatment) or to 1-day-old broilers (10 replicates per treatment). Animal performance was not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05) except that all P− diets improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in piglets (P < 0.05). Piglets fed P− diets had a better Zn status than those fed P+ diets (P < 0.05). In both species, Zn status was improved with supplemental Zn (P < 0.05), irrespective of Zn source. Phytase supplementation improved piglet Zn status to a higher extent than adding dietary Zn, whereas in broilers, phytase was less efficient than supplemental Zn. Digestive Zn concentrations reflected the quantity of ingested Zn. Soluble Zn (mg/kg dry matter) and Zn solubility (% of total Zn content) were highest in gizzard contents, which also presented lower pH values than stomach or intestines. The intestinal Zn solubility was higher in piglet fed organic Zn than those fed inorganic Zn (P < 0.01). Phytase increased soluble Zn in piglet stomach (P < 0.001) and intestine (P = 0.1), but not in broiler gizzard and intestinal contents. These results demonstrate (i) that dietary zinc was used more efficiently by broilers than by piglets, most probably due to the lower gizzard pH and its related higher zinc solubility; (ii) that zinc supplementation, irrespective of zinc source, was successful in improving animal’s zinc status; and (iii) suggest that supplemented Zn availability was independent from the diet formulation. Finally, the present data confirm that phytase was efficient in increasing digestive soluble Zn and improving zinc status in piglets. However, the magnitude of these effects was lower in broilers probably due to the naturally higher Zn availability in poultry than in swine.

Keywords

zincphytatepigletbroileravailability
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , February 2010 , pp. 200 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ammerman, CB, Baker, DH, Lewis, AJ 1995. Bioavailability of nutrients for animals. Amino acids, minerals and vitamins. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.Google Scholar
Ao, T, Pierce, JL, Pescatore, AJ, Cantor, AH, Dawson, KA, Ford, MJ, Shafer, BL 2007. Effects of organic zinc and phytase supplementation in a maize-soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc content of broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 48 6, 690–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashida, KY, Matsui, T, Itoh, J, Yano, H, Nakajima, T 2000. Zinc distribution in the small-intestinal digesta of pigs fed skim milk powder or defatted soybean flour. Biological Trace Element Research 74, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biehl, RR, Baker, DH, DeLuca, HF 1995. lα-Hydroxylated cholecalciferol compounds act additively with microbial phytase to improve phosphorus, zinc and manganese utilization in chicks fed soy-based diets. The Journal of Nutrition 125, 2407–2416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burrell, AL, Dozier, WA, Davis, AJ, Compton, MM, Freeman, ME, Vendrell, PF, Ward, TL 2004. Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental protection. British Poultry Science 45, 255–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, J, Henry, PR, Guo, R, Holwerda, RA, Toth, JP, Littell, RC, Miles, RD, Ammerman, CB 2000. Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2039–2054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, NT, Nightingale, R 1975. Effects of phytate on intestinal-absorption and secretion of zinc, and whole-body retention of Zn, copper, iron and manganese in rats. The British Journal of Nutrition 34, 243–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dintzis, FR, Laszlo, JA, Nelsen, TC, Baker, FL, Calvert, CC 1995. Free and total ion concentrations in pig digesta. Journal of Animal Science 73, 1138–1146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dourmad, JY, Jondreville, C 2008. Improvement of balance of trace elements in pig farming systems. In Trace elements in animal production systems (ed. P Schlegel, S Durosoy and AW Jongbloed), pp. 139–143. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Ellis, R, Morris, ER, Hill, AD 1982. Bioavailability to rats of iron and zinc in calcium–iron–phytate and calcium–zinc–phytate complexes. Nutrition Research 2, 319–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelen, AJ, van der Heeft, FC, Randsdorp, PHG, Smit, ELC 1994. Simple and rapid determination of phytase activity. Journal of AOAC International 77, 760–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Community 2003. Commission regulation (EC) no. 1334/2003 of 25 July 2003 amending the conditions for authorisation of a number of additives in feedingstuffs belonging to the group of trace elements. Official Journal of the European Union, 26 July 2003, L187/11-15.Google Scholar
European Community 2006. Commission regulation (EC) no. 479/2006 of 23 March 2006 as regards to the authorisation of certain additives belonging to the group compounds of trace elements. Official Journal of the European Union, 23 March 2006, L86/4-7.Google Scholar
Fordyce, EJ, Forbes, RM, Robbins, KR, Erdman, JW Jr 1987. Phytate × calcium/zinc molar ratios: are they predictive of zinc bioavailability? Journal of Food Science 52, 440–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frapin, D 1996. Valorisation du phosphore phytique végétal chez l’oiseau: intérêt et mode d’action des phytases végétales et microbiennes. PhD, Ecole Nationale Agronomique de Rennes.Google Scholar
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1989. L’alimentation des animaux monogastriques: porc, lapin, volailles. INRA, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Association Française de Zootechnie 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials. Pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, fish (ed. D Sauvant, JM Pérez and G Tran), INRA, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Jondreville, C, Hayler, R, Feuerstein, D 2005. Replacement of zinc sulphate by microbial phytase for piglets given a maize–soya-bean meal diet. Animal Science 81, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jondreville, C, Lescoat, P, Magnin, M, Feuerstein, D, Gruenberg, B, Nys, Y 2007. Sparing effect of microbial phytase on zinc supplementation in maize–soya-bean meal diets for chickens. Animal 1, 804–811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jongbloed, AW, Kemme, PA, De Groote, G, Lippens, M, Meschy, F 2002. Bioavailability of major and trace minerals. EMFEMA, International Association of the European Manufacturers of Major, Trace and Specific Feed Mineral Materials, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
Lawlor, PG, Lynch, PB, Caffrey, PJ, O’Reilly, JJ, O’Connel, MK 2005. Measurements of the acid-binding capacity of ingredients used in pig diets. Irish Veterinary Journal 58, 447–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehrfeld, J 1989. High-performance liquid-chromatography analysis of phytic acid on a pH-stable, Macroporous polymer column. Cereal Chemistry 66, 510–515.Google Scholar
Mohanna, C, Nys, Y 1998. Influence of age, sex and cross on body concentrations of trace elements (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) in chickens. British Poultry Science 39, 536–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohanna, C, Nys, Y 1999a. Effect of dietary zinc content and sources on the growth, body zinc deposition and retention, zinc excretion and immune response in chickens. British Poultry Science 40, 108–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohanna, C, Nys, Y 1999b. Changes in zinc and manganese availability in broiler chicks induced by vegetal and microbial phytase. Animal Feed Science and Technology 77, 241–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA.Google Scholar
NCSS 2001. Number Cruncher Statistical Systems. Kaysville, UT, USA.Google Scholar
Oberleas, D, Muhrer, ME, O’Dell, BL 1966. Dietary metal-complexing agents and zinc availability in the rat. The Journal of Nutrition 90, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Dell, BL, Savage, JE 1960. Effect of phytic acid on zinc availability. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 103, 304–306.Google ScholarPubMed
Pallauf, J, Hohler, D, Rimbach, G 1992. Effect of microbial phytase supplementation to a maize–soya-diet on the apparent absorption of Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn and parameters of Zn-status in piglets. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 68, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, R, Flynn, A, Cashman, K 1994. Tissue deposition of zinc from a zinc chelate and from inorganic zinc in rats. Animal Production 58, 470.Google Scholar
Revy, PS, Jondreville, C, Dourmad, JY, Nys, Y 2004. Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 116, 93–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revy, PS, Jondreville, C, Dourmad, JY, Nys, Y 2006. Assessment of dietary zinc requirement of weaned piglets fed diets with or without microbial phytase. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90, 50–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Römkens, PFAM, Moolenaar, SW, Groenenberg, JE, Bonten, LTC, de Vries, W 2008. Copper and zinc in feed (additives): an essential burden? In Trace elements in animal production systems (ed. P Schlegel, S Durosoy and AW Jongbloed), pp. 115–136. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandberg, AS, Adherinne, R 1986. HPLC method for determination of inositol tri, tetra, penta and hexaphosphates in foods and intestinal contents. Journal of Food Science 51, 547–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlegel, P, Windisch, W 2006. Bioavailability of zinc glycinate in comparison with zinc sulphate in the presence of dietary phytate in an animal model with 65Zn labelled rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90, 216–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shafey, TM, McDonald, MW, Dingle, JG 1991. Effects of dietary calcium and available phosphorus concentration on digesta pH and on the availability of calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc from the intestinal contents of meat chickens. British Poultry Science 32, 185–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spears, JW, Schlegel, P, Seal, MC, Lloyd, KE 2004. Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Livestock Production Science 90, 211–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Susaki, H, Matsui, T, Ashida, KY, Fujita, S, Nakajima, T, Yano, H 1999. Availability of a zinc amino acid chelate for growing pigs. Animal Science Journal 70, 124–128.Google Scholar
Swiatkiewicz, S, Koreleski, J, Zhong, DQ 2001. The bioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources in broiler chickens as affected by addition of phytase. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 10, 317–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedekind, KJ, Hortin, AE, Baker, DH 1992. Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability: efficacy estimates for zinc-methionine, zinc sulfate, and zinc oxide. Journal of Animal Science 70, 178–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wedekind, KJ, Lewis, AJ, Giesemann, MK, Miller, PS 1994. Bioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources for pigs fed corn–soybean meal diets. Journal of Animal Science 72, 2681–2689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Windisch, W 2003. Development of zinc deficiency in 65Zn labelled, fully grown rats as a model for adult individuals. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 17 2, 91–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windisch, W, Kirchgessner, M 1999. Tissue Zn distribution and Zn exchange in adult rats at Zn deficiency induced by dietary phytate additions. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 82, 116–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yi, Z, Kornegay, ET, Denbow, DM 1996. Supplemental microbial phytase improves zinc utilisation in broilers. Poultry Science 75, 540–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed