Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T02:55:49.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Supplementation with non-fibrous carbohydrates reduced fiber digestibility and did not improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed fresh forage of two nutritive values

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2011

I. Tebot ,
C. Cajarville ,
J. L. Repetto  and
A. Cirio
I. Tebot
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biociencias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
C. Cajarville
Affiliation:
Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
J. L. Repetto
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bovinos, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
A. Cirio*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biociencias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

To determine whether non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) supplementation improves fiber digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, 18 Corriedale ewes with a fixed intake level (40 g dry matter (DM)/kg BW0.75) were assigned to three (n = 6) diets: F = 100% fresh temperate forage, FG = 70% forage + 30% barley grain and FGM = 70% forage + 15% barley grain + 15% molasses-based product (MBP, Kalori 3000). Two experimental periods were carried out, with late (P1) and early (P2) vegetative stage forage. For P2, ewes were fitted with ruminal catheters. Forage was distributed at 0900 h, 1300 h, 1800 h and 2300 h, and supplement added at 0900 h and 1800 h meals. Digestibility of the different components of the diets, retained N and rumen microbial protein synthesis were determined. At the end of P2, ruminal pH and N-NH3 concentration were determined hourly for 24 h. Supplementation increased digestibility of DM (P < 0.001) and organic matter (OM; P < 0.001) and reduced NDF digestibility (P = 0.043) in both periods, with greater values in P2 (P = 0.008) for the three diets. Daily mean ruminal pH differed (P < 0.05) among treatments: 6.33 (F), 6.15 (FG) and 6.51 (FGM). The high pH in FGM was attributed to Ca(OH)2 in MBP. Therefore, the decreased fiber digestibility in supplemented diets could not be attributed to pH changes. The mean ruminal concentration of N-NH3 was 18.0 mg/dl, without differences among treatments or sampling hours. Microbial protein synthesis was greater in P2 (8.0 g/day) than in P1 (6.1 g/day; P = 0.006), but treatments did not enhance this parameter. The efficiency of protein synthesis tended to be lower in supplemented groups (16.4, 13.9 and 13.4 in P1, and 20.8, 16.7 and 16.2 g N/kg digestible OM ingested in P2, for F, FG and FGM, respectively; P = 0.07) without differences between supplements. The same tendency was observed for retained N: 2.55, 1.38 and 1.98 in P1, and 2.28, 1.23 and 1.10 g/day in P2, for F, FG and FGM, respectively; P = 0.05). The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was greater in P2 (P = 0.007). In conclusion, addition of feeds containing NFCs to fresh temperate forage reduced the digestibility of cell walls and did not improve microbial protein synthesis or its efficiency. An increase in these parameters was associated to the early phenological stage of the forage.

Keywords

fiber digestibilityfresh temperate foragemicrobial protein synthesisnon-fibrous carbohydrate supplementationsheep
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , April 2012 , pp. 617 - 623
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguerre, M, Cajarville, C, Kozloski, GV, Repetto, JL 2009. Ruminal microbial protein synthesis of weathers and heifers fed fresh temperate pastures supplemented or not with sorghum grain. In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Rumuninant Physiology (ed. Y Chilliard, F Glasser, Y Faulconnier, F Bocquier, I Veisser and M Doreau), pp. 108–109. Clermont-Ferrand, France.Google Scholar
Amaral, GA, Kozloski, GV, Santos, AB, Castagnino, DS, Fluck, AC, Farenzena, R, Alves, TP, Mesquita, FR 2011. Metabolizable protein and energy supply in lambs fed annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) supplemented with sources of protein and energy. Journal of Agricultural Science 149, 519–527.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bach, A, Calsamiglia, S, Stern, MD 2005. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 88, E9–E21.Google Scholar
Bach, A, Yoon, IK, Stern, MD, Jung, HG, Chester-Jones, H 1999. Effects of type of carbohydrate supplementation to lush pasture on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 153–160.Google Scholar
Berzaghi, P, Herbein, JH, Polan, CE 1996. Intake, site and extent of nutrient digestion of lactanting cow grazing pasture. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 1581–1589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brito, AF, Tremblay, GF, Lapierre, H, Bertrand, A, Castonguay, Y, Bélanger, G, Michaud, R, Benchaar, C, Ouellet, DR, Berthiaume, R 2009. Alfalfa cut at sundown and harvested as baleage increases bacterial protein synthesis in late-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1092–1107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cajarville, C, Pérez, A, Aguerre, M, Britos, A, Repetto, JL 2006. Effect of the timing of cut on ruminal environment of lambs consuming temperate pastures. Journal of Dairy Science 89 (suppl. 1), 103.Google Scholar
Calsamiglia, S, Cardozo, PW, Ferret, A, Bach, A 2008. Changes in rumen microbial fermentation are due to a combined effect of type of diet and pH. Journal of Animal Science 86, 702–711.Google Scholar
Calsamiglia, S, Ferret, A, Devant, M 2002. Effect of pH and pH fluctuations on microbial fermentation and nutrient flow from a dual-flow continuous culture system. Journal of Animal Science 85, 574–579.Google ScholarPubMed
Cao, GR, English, PB, Filippich, LJ, Inglis, S 1987. Experimentally induced lactic acidosis in the goat. Australian Veterinary Journal 64, 367–370.Google Scholar
Chen, XB, Abdulrazak, SA, Shand, WJ, Oskorv, ER 1992. The effect of supplementing straw with barley or unmolassed sugar-beet pulp on microbial protein supply in sheep estimated from urinary purine derivative excretion. Animal Production 55, 413–417.Google Scholar
Feng, P, Hoover, WH, Miller, TK, Blauwiekel, R 1993. Interactions of fiber nonstructural carbohydrates on lactation and ruminal function. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 1324–1333.Google Scholar
Fujihara, T, Orskov, ER, Reeds, PJ, Kyle, DJ 1987. The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition. Journal of Agricultural Science 109, 7–12.Google Scholar
García, SC, Santini, FJ, Elizalde, JC 2000. Sites of digestion and bacterial protein synthesis in dairy heifers fed fresh oats with or without corn or barley grain. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 746–755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, MB, Huntington, GB 2008. Nutrient synchrony: sound in theory, elusive in practice. Journal of Animal Science 86, E287–E292.Google Scholar
Huang, LI, Forsberg, CW 1990. Cellulose digestion and cellulase regulation and distribution in Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes S85. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 1221–1228.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Khalili, H 1992. The effect of sucrose supplements on particle-associated carboxymethylcellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1 .8) activities in cattle given grass-silage-based diet. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 245–255.Google Scholar
Jetana, T, Abdullah, N, Halim, RA, Jalaludin, S, Ho, YW 2000. Effects of energy and protein supplementation on microbial-N synthesis and allantoin excretion in sheep fed guinea grass. Animal Feed Science and Technology 84, 167–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, KH, Lee, SS, Kim, KJ 2005. Effect of intraruminal sucrose infusion on volatile fatty acid production and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 18, 350–353.Google Scholar
Martin, C, Michalet-Doreau, B 1995. Variations in mass and enzyme activity of rumen microorganisms: effect of barley and buffer supplements. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 67, 407–413.Google Scholar
Martin, C, Philippeau, C, Michalet-Doreau, B 1999. Effect of wheat and corn variety on fiber digestion in beef steers fed high-grain diets. Journal of Animal Science 77, 2269–2278.Google Scholar
Martin, C, Brossard, L, Doreau, M 2006. Mécanismes d'apparition de l'acidose ruminale latente et conséquences physiopathologiques et zootechniques. INRA Productions Animales 19, 93–108.Google Scholar
Obara, Y, Dellow, DW, Nolan, JV 1991. The influence of energy-rich supplements on nitrogen kinetics in ruminants. In Physiological aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants (ed. T Tsuda, Y Sasaki and R Kawashima), 515 pp. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.Google Scholar
Owens, FN, Goetsch, AL 1988. Fermentación ruminal. In El rumiante: fisiología digestiva y nutrición (ed. CD Church), 159 pp. Acribia S. A., Zaragoza, Spain.Google Scholar
Pérez, JF, Balcells, J, Guada, JA, Castrillo, C 1997. Rumen microbial production estimated either from urinary purine derivative excretion or form direct measurements of 15N and purine bases as microbial markers: effect of protein source and rumen bacteria isolates. Journal of Animal Science 65, 225–236.Google Scholar
Peyraud, J-L, Apper-Bossard, E 2006. L'acidose latente chez la vache laitière. INRA Productions Animales 19, 79–92.Google Scholar
Piwonka, EJ, Firkins, JL 1996. Effect of glucose fermentation on fiber digestion by ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 2196–2206.Google Scholar
Poppi, DP, McLennan, SR 1995. Protein and energy utilization by ruminants at pasture. Journal of Animal Science 73, 278–290.Google Scholar
Preston, TR 1995. Tropical animal feeding. A manual for research workers. FAO animal production and health paper 126. FAO Publications Division, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Puchala, R, Kulasek, GW 1992. Estimation of microbial protein flow from the rumen of sheep using microbial nucleic acid and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, 821–830.Google Scholar
Robertson, JB, Van Soest, PJ 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food (ed. WPT James and O Theander), pp. 123–158. Marcel Dekker, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Russell, JB, Baldwin, RL 1978. Substrate preferences in rumen bacteria. Evidence of catabolite regulatory mechanism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36, 319–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satter, LD, Slyter, LL 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 199–208.Google Scholar
Stokes, SR, Hoover, WH, Miller, TK, Manski, RP 1991. Impact of carbohydrate and protein levels on bacterial metabolism in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 860–870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tebot, I, Ibarra, AL, Purtscher, F, Cirio, A 2004. Influence of energy supply on microbial protein synthesis and renal urea handling in Corriedale sheep. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 13, 223–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trevaskis, LM, Fulkerson, WJ, Gooden, JM 2001. Provision of certain carbohydrate-based supplements to pasture-fed sheep, as well as time of harvesting of the pasture, influences pH, ammonia concentration and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, 21–27.Google Scholar
Wiedmeier, RD, Tanner, BH, Bair, JR, Shenton, HT, Arambel, MJ, Walters, JL 1992. Effect of a new molasse byproduct on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 70, 1936–1940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yemm, EW, Willis, AJ 1954. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochemestry Journal 57, 508–514.Google Scholar