Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:57:54.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product can attenuate the acute phase response following a lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2018

N. C. Burdick Sanchez Open the ORCID record for N. C. Burdick Sanchez [Opens in a new window] ,
J. A. Carroll ,
P. R. Broadway ,
B. E. Bass  and
J. W. Frank
N. C. Burdick Sanchez*
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
J. A. Carroll
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
P. R. Broadway
Affiliation:
Livestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
B. E. Bass
Affiliation:
Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, P.O. Box 74570, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA
J. W. Frank
Affiliation:
Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, P.O. Box 74570, Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation products have been used to improve the performance of nursery pigs. However, research on the influence of this supplement on health is lacking. This study was designed to determine if feeding a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product to weaned pigs would reduce stress and acute phase responses (APR) following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Pigs (n=30; 6.4±0.1 kg) were individually housed in stainless steel pens with ad libitum access to feed and water. Pigs were weighed upon arrival, assigned to one of three groups (n=10/treatment), and fed for 18 days: (1) Control, fed a non-medicated starter diet; (2) Control diet with the inclusion of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product at 1 kg/metric ton (SGX1) and (3) Control diet with the inclusion of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product at 2 kg/metric ton (SGX2). On day 7 pigs were anesthetized for insertion of an i.p. temperature device, and similarly on day 14 for insertion of a jugular catheter. Pigs were challenged i.v. with LPS (25 µg/kg BW) on day 15. Blood samples were collected at 0.5 h (serum) and 1 h (complete blood cell counts) intervals from −2 to 8 h and at 24 h relative to LPS administration at 0 h. Pigs and feeders were weighed on days 7, 14 and 18. The supplemented pigs had increased BW and average daily gain before the challenge. In response to LPS, there was a greater increase in i.p. temperature in Control pigs compared with supplemented pigs. In addition, cortisol was reduced in SGX2 pigs while cortisol was elevated in SGX1 pigs at several time points post-challenge. White blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes were decreased in SGX1 and SGX2 compared with Control pigs. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response varied by treatment and dose of treatment. Specifically, serum TNF-α was greatest in SGX2, intermediate in Control, and least in SGX1 pigs, while the magnitude and temporal pattern of IFN-γ in SGX2 pigs was delayed and reduced. In contrast, IL-6 concentrations were reduced in both SGX treatment groups compared with Control pigs. These data demonstrate that different supplementation feed inclusion rates produced differential responses, and that feeding SynGenX to weaned pigs attenuated the APR to an LPS challenge.

Keywords

innate immune responseprobioticpro-inflammatory responseswinetemperature
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 144 - 152
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashwell, JD, Lu, FW and Vacchio, MS 2000. Glucocorticoids in T cell development and function. Annual Review of Immunology 18, 309–345.Google Scholar
Azevedo, MSP, Zhang, W, Wen, K, Gonzalez, AM, Saif, LJ, Yousef, AE and Yuan, L 2012. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri modulate cytokine responses in gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotavirus. Beneficial Microbes 3, 33–42.Google Scholar
Bass, BE, Bandrick, M, Frank, JW, Looft, T, Allen, HK, Casey, T and Stanton, TB 2014. Effects of all-natural fermentation products or an antibiotic on weaned pig health and performance during heat stress. In Proceedings of the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, 15–16 September, St. Paul, MN, USA, p. 29.Google Scholar
Black, PH 2002. Stress and the inflammatory response: a review of neurogenic inflammation. Brain Behavior and Immunity 16, 622–653.Google Scholar
Broadway, PR, Carroll, JA, Burdick Sanchez, NC, Bass, BE and Frank, JW 2016. Supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product can attenuate the acute phase response following a lipopolysaccharide challenge in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 94 (suppl. 2), 144.Google Scholar
Burdick Sanchez, NC, Young, TR, Carroll, JA, Corley, JR, Rathmann, RJ and Johnson, BJ 2013. Yeast cell wall supplementation alters aspects of the physiological and acute phase responses of crossbred heifers to an endotoxin challenge. Innate Immunity 19, 411–419.Google Scholar
Carroll, JA, Daniel, JA, Keisler, DH and Matteri, RL 1999. Non-surgical catheterization of the jugular vein in young pigs. Lab Animal 33, 129–134.Google Scholar
Daniel, C, Roussel, Y, Kleerebezem, M and Pot, B 2011. Recombinant lactic acid bacteria as mucosal biotherapeutic agents. Trends in Biotechnology 29, 499–508.Google Scholar
Dinarello, CA 1996. Thermoregulation and the pathogenesis of fever. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 10, 433–449.Google Scholar
Finck, D, Ribeiro, F, Burdick, N, Parr, S, Carroll, J, Young, T, Bernhard, B, Corley, J, Estefan, A and Rathmann, R 2014. Yeast supplementation alters the performance and health status of receiving cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist 30, 333–341.Google Scholar
Frank, JW, Brainard, A, Wright, M and Scott, M 2013. Dietary supplementation with a novel Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation prototype improved nursery pig performance and gut health. Journal of Animal Science 91 (E-suppl. 2), 342.Google Scholar
Frank, JW and Scott, M 2012. Nursery pig growth and health are improved when supplemented with a microbial fermentation prototype feed additive. In Paper presented at the International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics: Challenges and Solutions in Animal Production, 25–28 September, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Fruge, ED, Hansen, EL, Hansen, SA, Frerichs, KA, Hastad, CW, Scott, M, Frank, JW and Brainard, A 2013. The effects of a novel Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product on growth performance and fecal bacteria in 5 to 14 kg pigs. Journal of Animal Science 91 (suppl. 2), 106.Google Scholar
Galbo, H and Kall, L 2016. Circadian variations in clinical symptoms and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, melatonin, and cortisol in polymyalgia rheumatica before and during prednisolone treatment: a controlled, observational, clinical experimental study. Arthritis Research & Therapy 18, 174.Google Scholar
Hughes, HD, Carroll, JA, Burdick Sanchez, NC and Richeson, JT 2014. Natural variations in the stress and acute phase responses of cattle. Innate Immunity 20, 888–896.Google Scholar
Kim, BG, Lindemann, MD and Cromwell, GL 2010. The effects of dietary chromium(III) picolinate on growth performance, vital signs, and blood measurements of pigs during immune stress. Biological Trace Element Research 135, 200–210.Google Scholar
Lan, R, Koo, J and Kim, I 2017. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, 1310–1315.Google Scholar
Lee, SI, Kim, HS, Koo, JM and Kim, IH 2016. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates inflammatory activity by regulating the TLR4 and NF-B expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells after lipopolysaccharide challenge. British Journal of Nutrition 115, 567–575.Google Scholar
Lessard, M and Brisson, GJ 1987. Effect of a lactobacillus fermentation product on growth, immune-response and fecal enzyme-activity in weaned pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, 509–516.Google Scholar
Li, AL, Meng, XC, Duan, CC, Huo, GC, Zheng, QL and Li, D 2013. Suppressive effects of oral administration of heat-killed lactobacillus acidophilus on T helper-17 immune responses in a bovine beta-lactoglobulin-sensitized mice model. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36, 202–207.Google Scholar
Petersen, HH, Nielsen, JP and Heegaard, PMH 2004. Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Veterinary Research 35, 163–187.Google Scholar
Prunier, A, Heinonen, M and Quesnel, H 2010. High physiological demands in intensively raised pigs: impact on health and welfare. Animal 4, 886–898.Google Scholar
Qiao, JY, Li, HH, Wang, ZX and Wang, WJ 2015. Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus dietary supplementation on the performance, intestinal barrier function, rectal microflora and serum immune function in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 107, 883–891.Google Scholar
Schabussova, I and Wiedermann, U 2008. Lactic acid bacteria as novel adjuvant systems for prevention and treatment of atopic diseases. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 8, 557–564.Google Scholar
Schiffrin, EJ, Rochat, F, Linkamster, H, Aeschlimann, JM and Donnethughes, A 1995. Immunomodulation of human blood-cells following the ingestion of lactic-acid bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 491–497.Google Scholar
Shen, Y, Piao, X, Kim, S, Wang, L, Liu, P, Yoon, I and Zhen, Y 2009. Effects of yeast culture supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune response of nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2614–2624.Google Scholar
Steiger, M, Senn, M, Altreuther, G, Werling, D, Sutter, F, Kreuzer, M and Langhans, W 1999. Effect of a prolonged low-dose lipopolysaccharide infusion on feed intake and metabolism in heifers. Journal of Animal Science 77, 2523–2532.Google Scholar
Tesch, T, Bannert, E, Kluess, J, Frahm, J, Huther, L, Kersten, S, Breves, G, Renner, L, Kahlert, S, Rothkotter, HJ and Danicke, S 2018. Relationships between body temperatures and inflammation indicators under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in pigs exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide and dietary deoxynivalenol. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, 241–251.Google Scholar
Wen, K, Li, GH, Bui, T, Liu, FN, Li, YR, Kocher, J, Lin, L, Yang, XD and Yuan, LJ 2012. High dose and low dose Lactobacillus acidophilus exerted differential immune modulating effects on T cell immune responses induced by an oral human rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic pigs. Vaccine 30, 1198–1207.Google Scholar
Wright, KJ, Balaji, R, Hill, CM, Dritz, SS, Knoppel, EL and Minton, JE 2000. Integrated adrenal, somatotropic, and immune responses of growing pigs to treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1892–1899.Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Azevedo, MSP, Wen, K, Gonzalez, A, Saif, LJ, Li, G, Yousef, AE and Yuan, L 2008. Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus enhances the immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic pigs. Vaccine 26, 3655–3661.Google Scholar