Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:04:54.649Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

S. L. Yang ,
D. P. Bu ,
J. Q. Wang ,
Z. Y. Hu ,
D. Li ,
H. Y. Wei ,
L. Y. Zhou  and
J. J. Loor
S. L. Yang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
D. P. Bu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
J. Q. Wang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
Z. Y. Hu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
D. Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
H. Y. Wei
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
L. Y. Zhou
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
J. J. Loor
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. Four dietary treatments were tested in a Latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Treatments were control (C, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or C with 4% soybean oil (S), 4% linseed oil (L) or 2% soybean oil plus 2% linseed oil (SL) in a 4 × 4 Latin square with four periods of 21 days. Forage and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0800 and 2000 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected every 2 h over a 12-h period on day 19 of each experimental period and pH was measured immediately. Samples were prepared for analyses of concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) by GLC and ammonia. Counts of total and individual bacterial groups (cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic bacteria and total viable bacteria) were performed using the roll-tube technique, and protozoa counts were measured via microscopy in ruminal fluid collected at 0, 4 and 8 h after the morning feeding. Content of ruminal digesta was obtained via the rumen cannula before the morning feeding and used immediately for DNA extraction and quantity of specific bacterial species was obtained using real- time PCR. Ruminal pH did not differ but total VFA (110 v. 105 mmol/l) were lower (P < 0.05) with oil supplementation compared with C. Concentration of ruminal NH3-N (4.4 v. 5.6 mmol/l) was greater (P < 0.05) due to oil compared with C. Compared with C, oil supplementation resulted in lower (P < 0.05) cellulolytic bacteria (3.25 × 108v. 4.66 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml) and protozoa (9.04 × 104v. 12.92 × 104 cell/ml) colony counts. Proteolytic bacteria (7.01 × 108v. 6.08 × 108 CFU/ml) counts, however, were greater in response to oil compared with C (P < 0.05). Among oil treatments, the amount of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in ruminal fluid was substantially lower (P < 0.05) when L was included. Compared to C, the amount of Ruminococcus albus decreased by an average of 40% regardless of oil level or type. Overall, the results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms, except proteolytic bacteria, are highly susceptible to dietary unsaturated fatty acids supplementation, particularly when linolenic acid rich oils were fed. Dietary oil effects on ruminal fermentation parameters seemed associated with the profile of ruminal microorganisms.

Keywords

soybean oillinseed oilrumen fermentationmicroorganisms
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 3 , Issue 11 , November 2009 , pp. 1562 - 1569
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

b

These authors contribute equally.

References

Asanuma, N, Kawato, M, Hino, T 2001. Presence of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in the digestive tract of dogs and cats, and its contribution to butyrate production. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 47, 313–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 14th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Boyne, AW, Eadie, JM, Raitt, K 1957. The development and testing of a method of counting rumen ciliate protozoa. Journal of General Microbiology 17, 414–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, GA, Kang, JH 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 64–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brokaw, L, Hess, BW, Rule, DC 2001. Supplemental soybean oil or corn for beef heifers grazing summer pasture: effects on forage intake, ruminal fermentation, and site and extent of digestion. Journal of Animal Science 79, 2704–2712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broudiscou, L, Pochet, S, Poncet, C 1994. Effect of linseed oil supplementation on feed degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen of ciliate-free and refaunated sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49, 189–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bu, DP, Wang, JQ, Dhiman, TR, Liu, SJ 2007. Effectiveness of oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids to enhance conjugated linoleic acid in milk from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 998–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Doreau, M 2001. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow’s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science 70, 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
China NY/t34 2004. Feeding standard of dairy cattle. China nongye hangye biaozhun/Tuijian-34. China Agricultural Publisher, Beijing, China (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Dehority, BA 1984. Evaluation of subsampling and fixation procedures used for counting rumen protozoa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, 182–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demeyer, D, Doreau, M 1999. Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids. The Proceedings of Nutrition Society 58, 593–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devillard, E, Andant, N, Wallace, RJ 2006. Increased expression of a molecular chaperone GroEL in response to unsaturated fatty acids by the biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. FEMS Microbiology Letters 262, 244–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhiman, TR, Helmink, ED, McMahon, DJ, Ffie, RL, Pariza, MW 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk and cheese from cows fed extruded oilseeds. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 412–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhiman, TR, Satter, LD, Pariza, MW, Galli, MP, Albright, K, Tolosa, MX 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk form cows offered diets rich in linoleic and linolenic acid. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1016–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohme, F, Machmüller, A, Wasserfallen, A, Kreuzer, M 2001. Ruminal methanogenesis as influenced by individual fatty acids supplemented to complete ruminant diets. Letters in Applied Microbiology 32, 47–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlay, A, Chabrot, J, Elmeddah, Y, Doreau, M 1993. Ruminal lipid balance and intestinal digestion by dairy cows fed calcium salts of rapeseed oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2237–2245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hristov, AN, Ivan, M, McAllister, TA 2004. In vitro effects of individual fatty acids on protozoal numbers and on fermentation products in ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high-concentrate, barley-based diet. Journal of Animal Science 82, 2693–2704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hristov, AN, Kennington, LR, McGuire, MA, Hunt, CW 2005. Effect of diets containing linoleic acid- or oleic acid-rich oils on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility, and performance and fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissues of finishing cattle. Journal of Animal Science 83, 1312–1321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, ZY, Wang, JQ, Bu, DP, Yang, SL, Deng, LF, Wei, HY, Zhou, LY 2007. Effect of supplementation of soybean oil and linseed oil on digestibility of organic matters and fibers in dairy cows. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 6, 5–8 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Hungate, RE 1969. A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. In Methods in microbiology (ed. JR Norris and DW Ribbons), vol. 3B, pp. 117–132. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ikwuegbu, OA, Sutton, JD 1982. The effect of varying the amount of linseed oil supplementation on rumen metabolism in sheep. The British Journal of Nutrition 48, 365–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, TC 1993. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3851–3863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kepler, CR, Hirons, KP, McNeill, JJ, Tove, SB 1966. Intermediates and products of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 241, 1350–1354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koike, S, Kobayashi, Y 2001. Development and use of competitive PCR assays for the rumen cellulolytic bacteria: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. FEMS Microbiology Letters 204, 361–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Ferlay, A, Ollier, A, Ueda, K, Doreau, M, Chilliard, Y 2005a. High-concentrate diets and polyunsaturated oils alter trans and conjugated isomers in bovine rumen, blood, and milk. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3986–3999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Herbein, JH, Polan, CE 2002. Trans18:1 and 18:2 isomers in blood plasma and milk fat of grazing cows fed a grain supplement containing solvent-extracted or mechanically-extracted soybean meal. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 1197–1207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y, Doreau, M 2005b. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119, 203–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, DX, Xie, CW 1991. Modern research methods and technologies in ruminant nutrition. Agricultural Press, Beijing (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Machmüller, A, Ossowski, DA, Wanner, M, Kreuzer, M 1998. Potential of various fatty feeds to reduce methane release from rumen fermentation in vitro (Rusitec). Animal Feed Science and Technology 71, 117–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackie, RI, Aminov, RI, White, BA, McSweeney, CS 2000. Molecular ecology and diversity in gut microbial ecosystems. In Ruminant physiology: digestion, metabolism, growth and reproduction (ed. PB Cronjé), pp. 61–77. CABI Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maczulak, AE, Dehority, BA, Palmquist, DL 1981. Effects of long-chain fatty acids on growth of rumen bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42, 856–862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maia, MRG, Chaudhary, LC, Figueres, L, Wallace, RJ 2007. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91, 303–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, M, Kobayashi, T, Takenaka, A, Itabashi, H 1991. Defaunation effects of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives on goat rumen protozoa. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 37, 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbold, CJ, Chamberlain, DG 1988. Lipids as rumen-defaunating agents. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 154A.Google Scholar
Oldick, BS, Firkins, JL 2000. Effects of degree of fat saturation on fiber digestion and microbial protein synthesis when diets are fed twelve times daily. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2412–2420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, ER, Hine, RS, Grubb, DA 1978. The effect of urea on digestion and voluntary intake by sheep of diets supplemented with fat. Animal Production 27, 241–245.Google Scholar
Palmquist, DL 1988. The feeding value of fats. In Feed science (ed. ER Ørskov), pp. 293–311. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Piperova, LS, Teter, BB, Bruckental, I, Sampugna, J, Mills, SE, Yurawecz, MP, Fritsche, J, Ku, K, Erdman, RA 2000. Mammary lipogenic enzyme activity, trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are altered in lactating dairy cows fed a milk fat-depressing diet. The Journal of Nutrition 130, 2568–2574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reilly, K, Attwood, GT 1998. Detection of clostridium proteoclasticum and closely related strains in the rumen by competitive PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 907–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, HM, Noone, E, Gibney, AN 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient? Nutrition Research Reviews 14, 173–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scollan, ND, Dhanoa, MS, Choi, NJ, Maeng, WJ, Enser, M, Wood, JD 2001. Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on different sources of lipid. The Journal of Agricultural Science 136, 345–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, JD, Knight, R, McAllan, AB, Smith, RH 1983. Digestion and synthesis in the rumen of sheep given diets supplemented with free and protected oils. The British Journal of Nutrition 49, 419–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tajima, K, Aminov, RI, Nagamine, T, Matsui, H, Nakamura, M, Benno, Y 2001. Diet-dependent shift in the bacterial population of the rumen revealed with real-time PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 2766–2774.Google ScholarPubMed
Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chabrot, J, Loor, JJ, Chilliard, Y, Doreau, M 2003. Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage: concentrate ratios. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3999–4007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3579–3583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, TW, Grainger, RB, Baker, FH, Stroud, JW 1958. Effect of supplemental fat on digestion and the ruminal calcium requirement of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 17, 797–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar