Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T06:42:58.795Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Short Communication: The effects of physical feed properties on gastric emptying in pigs measured with the 13C breath test

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2020

B. M. J. Martens Open the ORCID record for B. M. J. Martens [Opens in a new window] ,
H. A. Schols Open the ORCID record for H. A. Schols [Opens in a new window] ,
E. M. A. M. Bruininx Open the ORCID record for E. M. A. M. Bruininx [Opens in a new window]  and
W. J. J. Gerrits Open the ORCID record for W. J. J. Gerrits [Opens in a new window]
B. M. J. Martens
Affiliation:
Agrifirm North West Europe, Royal Agrifirm Group, Landgoedlaan 20, 7325 XHApeldoorn, The Netherlands
H. A. Schols
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WGWageningen, The Netherlands
E. M. A. M. Bruininx
Affiliation:
Agrifirm North West Europe, Royal Agrifirm Group, Landgoedlaan 20, 7325 XHApeldoorn, The Netherlands Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WDWageningen, The Netherlands
W. J. J. Gerrits*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WDWageningen, The Netherlands
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The performance of pigs is affected by the rate of nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which depends in turn strongly on the rate of stomach emptying. The 13C breath test provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool to measure gastric emptying patterns. Despite the wide acceptance of this method in human intervention studies, it has not found its way to the domain of animal sciences. In this study, we used the breath test to measure gastric emptying in young growing pigs using [1-13C] octanoic acid to trace digesta solids and [1-13C] glycine to study liquids. Pigs were fed a starch-rich diet, varying in starch source (isolated starch from barley, maize or high-amylose maize) or form (isolated barley starch, ground barley or extruded barley), after which 13CO2 enrichment was frequently measured during 11 h. Outliers in 13CO2 enrichment in the response curve of each pig were identified with a Cookʼs distance outlier test in combination with a leave-one-out analysis. Effects of experimental treatments on breath test parameters were tested using a GLM. In general, pigs were easy to train and the tailor-made mask allowed effortless sampling. Gastric emptying of all pigs followed a biphasic pattern, with a higher 13C recovery during the first peak. The first peak in gastric emptying of solids reached its maximum enrichment within 2 h after feeding in all cases. For digesta liquids, this peak was reached earlier for pigs fed ground barley (2.2 h after feeding), compared to pigs fed diets containing isolated starch (2.8 h after feeding). The second peak in gastric emptying of solids was reached later for pigs fed ground barley (5.9 h after feeding), compared with pigs fed extruded barley (4.5 h after feeding) and pigs fed diets containing isolated barley starch (4.8 h after feeding). In conclusion, the 13C breath test is a convenient, non-invasive tool to gain more insights into the gastric emptying pattern of pigs.

Keywords

extrusionglycineliquid phaseoctanoic acidsolid phase
Type
Short Communication
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 9 , September 2020 , pp. 1892 - 1898
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Braden, B, Lembcke, B, Kuker, W and Caspary, WF 2007. 13C-breath tests: current state of the art and future directions. Digestive and Liver Disease 39, 795–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camps, G, Mars, M, Witteman, BJM, de Graaf, C and Smeets, PAM 2018. Indirect vs direct assessment of gastric emptying: a randomized crossover trial comparing C-isotope breath analysis and MRI. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 30, e13317.10.1111/nmo.13317CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, MG, Camilleri, M, Burton, DD, Zinsmeister, AR, Forstrom, LA and Nair, KS 1997. [13C] octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying of solids: accuracy, reproducibility, and comparison with scintigraphy. Gastroenterology 112, 1155–1162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghoos, YF, Maes, BD, Geypens, BJ, Mys, G, Hiele, MI, Rutgeerts, PJ and Vantrappen, G 1993. Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test. Gastroenterology 104, 1640–1647.10.1016/0016-5085(93)90640-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jørgensen, H, Strathe, A, Theil, PK and Knudsen, KEB 2010. Evaluation of a simple non-invasive 13C breath test to evaluate diet effects on gastric emptying in pigs. Livestock Science 133, 64–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maes, BD, Ghoos, YF, Geypens, BJ, Mys, G, Hiele, MI, Rutgeerts, PJ and Vantrappen, G 1994. Combined carbon-13-glycine/carbon-14-octanoic acid breath test to monitor gastric emptying rates of liquids and solids. Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 35, 824–831.Google ScholarPubMed
Martens, BMJ, Noorloos, M, Schols, HA, Bruininx, EMAM and Gerrits, WJJ 2019a. Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 122, 1242–1254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martens, BMJ, Flécher, T, de Vries, S, Schols, HA, Bruininx, EMAM and Gerrits, WJJ 2019b. Starch digestion kinetics and mechanisms in growing pigs fed processed and native cereal based diets. British Journal of Nutrition 121, 1124–1136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, JA, Urbain, JL, Adler, LP, Charkes, ND, Maurer, AH, Krevsky, B, Knight, LC, Fisher, RS and Malmud, LS 1988. Biphasic nature of gastric emptying. Gut 29, 85–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souza da Silva, C 2013. Fermentation in the gut to prolong satiety. PhD thesis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
van den Borne, JJGC, Schrama, JW, Heetkamp, MJW, Verstegen, MWA and Gerrits, WJJ 2007. Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs. Animal 1, 666–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed