Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-30T23:18:11.324Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rumen chemical and bacterial changes during stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet in goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

Y. Z. Sun ,
S. Y. Mao  and
W. Y. Zhu
Y. Z. Sun
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University 210095, Nanjing, China
S. Y. Mao
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University 210095, Nanjing, China
W. Y. Zhu*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University 210095, Nanjing, China
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The correlation between rumen chemical and bacterial changes was investigated during a four periodical stepwise adaptation to a high-concentrate diet (concentrate level at 0%, 30%, 50% and 70% for diet I to IV, respectively) in goats. The results showed that ruminal pH decreased from 6.7 to 5.5 after switching from diet I to II, and was maintained at about 5.5 on diet III. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results showed that the rumen bacterial community was relatively stable during the initial three feeding periods, except for the appearance of three bands when diet changed from I to II, suggesting that an appropriate concentrate level can promote the proliferation of some bacteria. After 12 days of feeding diet III, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and butyrate proportion decreased. At days 2 and 3 of feeding diet IV, ruminal pH declined sharply to 5.3 and 4.7, respectively, and total VFA concentration decreased further while lactic acid concentration increased markedly, suggesting a relation between lactic acid accumulation and ruminal pH decline. At the same time, many bacteria disappeared, including most fibrolytic-related bacteria while Streptococcus bovis and Prevotella-like species dominated. Interestingly, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like species maintained throughout the experiment, suggesting its tolerance to low pH. In conclusion, rumen bacterial community was relatively stable feeding 0% to 50% concentrate diets, and it was observed that appropriate concentrate levels in the diet could increase the diversity of rumen bacteria. However, concentrate-rich diets caused lactic acid accumulation and low ruminal pH that caused the disappearance of most fibrolytic-related bacteria sensitive to low pH while S. bovis and genus Prevotella persisted.

Keywords

high concentrate, rumen bacteria, acidosis, pH, DGGE
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , February 2010 , pp. 210 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

b

The first two authors equally contributed to this study.

References

Araba, A, Byers, FM, Guessous, F 2002. Patterns of rumen fermentation in bulls fed barley/molasses diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97, 53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Barker, SB, Summerson, WH 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 138, 535–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bevans, DW, Beauchemin, KA, Schwartzkopf-Genswein, KS, McKinnon, JJ, McAllister, TA 2005. Effect of rapid or gradual grain adaptation on subacute acidosis and feed intake by feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 83, 1116–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burrin, DG, Britton, RA 1986. Response to monensin in cattle during subacute acidosis. Journal of Animal Science 63, 888–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, SH, Barcenilla, A, Stewart, S, Pryde, SE, Flint, HJ 2002. Acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA): acetate-coA transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 5186–5190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentile, A, Sconza, S, Lorenz, I, Otranto, G, Rademacher, G, Famigli-Bergamini, P, Klee, W 2004. D-Lactic acidosis in calves as a consequence of experimentally induced ruminal acidosis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 51, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goad, DW, Goad, CL, Nagaraja, TG 1998. Ruminal microbial and fermentative changes associated with experimentally induced subacute acidosis in steers. Journal of Animal Science 76, 234–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmon, DL, Britton, RA, Prior, RL, Stock, RA 1985. Net portal absorption of lactate and volatile fatty acids in steers experiencing glucose-induced acidosis or fed a 70% concentrate diet ad libitum. Journal of Animal Science 60, 560–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleen, JL, Hooijer, GA, Rehage, J, Noordhuizen, JPTM 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 50, 406–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Konstantinov, SR, Zhu, WY, Williams, BA, Tamminga, S, de Vos, WM, Akkermans, ADL 2003. Effect of fermentable carbohydrates on piglet faecal bacterial communities as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 43, 225–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnamoorthy, U, Muscato, TV, Sniffen, CJ, Van Soest, PJ 1982. Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 217–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, DJ 1991. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic acids techniques in bacterial systematics (ed. E Stackebrandt and M Goodfellow), pp. 115–175. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Mackie, RI, Gilchrist, FMC, Robberts, AM, Hannah, PE, Schwartz, HM 1978. Microbiological and chemical changes in the rumen during the stepwise adaptation of sheep to high concentrate diets. The Journal of Agricultural Science 90, 241–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michener, CD, Sokal, RR 1957. A quantitative approach to a problem in classification. Evolution 11, 130–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosoni, P, Chaucheyras-Durand, F, Béra-Maillet, C, Forano, E 2007. Quantification by real-time PCR of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep after supplementation of a forage diet with readily fermentable carbohydrates: effect of a yeast additive. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103, 2676–2685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muyzer, G, de Waal, EC, Uitterlinden, AG 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 695–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nocek, JE 1997. Bovine acidosis: implications on laminitis. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1005–1028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nübel, U, Engelen, B, Felske, A, Snaidr, J, Wieshuber, A, Amann, RI, Ludwig, W, Backhaus, H 1996. Sequence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16S rRNAs in Paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Journal of Bacteriology 178, 5636–5643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owens, FN, Secrist, DS, Hill, WJ, Gill, DR 1998. Acidosis in cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science 76, 275–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qin, WL 1983. Determination of rumen volatile fatty acids by means of gas chromatography (in Chinese, with English abstract). Journal of Nanjing Agricutural College 3, 82–89.Google Scholar
Russell, JB, Hino, T 1985. Regulation of lactate production in Streptococcus bovis: a spiraling effect that contributes to rumen acidosis. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 1712–1721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, JB, Wilson, DB 1996. Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH? Journal of Dairy Science 79, 1503–1509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sigler, WV, Turco, RF 2002. The impact of chlorothalonil application on soil bacterial and fungal populations as assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Applied Soil Ecology 21, 107–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 1999. Manual del Usuario Version 9.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Sun, YZ, Mao, SY, Yao, W, Zhu, WY 2008. DGGE and 16S rDNA analysis reveals a highly diverse and rapidly colonising bacterial community on different substrates in the rumen of goats. Animal 2, 391–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tajima, K, Aminov, RI, Nagamine, T, Matsui, H, Nakamura, M, Benno, Y 2001. Diet-dependent shifts in the bacterial population of the rumen revealed with real-time PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 2766–2774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tajima, K, Arai, S, Ogata, K, Nagamine, T, Matsui, H, Nakamura, M, Aminov, RI, Benno, Y 2000. Rumen bacterial community transition during adaptation to high-grain diet. Anaerobe 6, 273–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Linden, Y, van Gylswyk, NO, Schwartz, HM 1984. Influence of supplementation of corn stover with corn grain on the fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and their relation to the intake and digestion of fiber. Journal of Animal Science 59, 772–783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhu, WY, Williams, BA, Konstantinov, SR, Tamminga, S, de Vos, WM, Akkermans, ADL 2003. Analysis of 16S rDNA reveals bacterial shift during in vitro fermentation of fermentable carbohydrate using piglet faeces as inoculum. Anaerobe 9, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zoetendal, EG, Akkermans, ADL, de Vos, WM 1998. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 3854–3859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed