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Reducing protein content in the diet of growing goats: implications for nitrogen balance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and rumen microbiota

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2020

X. X. Zhang ,
Y. X. Li ,
Z. R. Tang ,
W. Z. Sun ,
L. T. Wu ,
R. An ,
H. Y. Chen ,
K. Wan  and
Z. H. Sun Open the ORCID record for Z. H. Sun [Opens in a new window]
X. X. Zhang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
Y. X. Li
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, P. R. China
Z. R. Tang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
W. Z. Sun
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
L. T. Wu
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
R. An
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
H. Y. Chen
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
K. Wan
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
Z. H. Sun*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, P. R. China
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Reducing dietary CP content is an effective approach to reduce animal nitrogen excretion and save protein feed resources. However, it is not clear how reducing dietary CP content affects the nutrient digestion and absorption in the gut of ruminants, therefore it is difficult to accurately determine how much reduction in dietary CP content is appropriate. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced dietary CP content on N balance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and rumen microbiota in growing goats. To determine N balance, 18 growing wether goats (25.0 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three diets: 13.0% (control), 11.5% and 10.0% CP. Another 18 growing wether goats (25.0 ± 0.5 kg) were surgically fitted with ruminal, proximate duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae and were randomly assigned to one of the three diets to investigate intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption and rumen microbiota. The results showed that fecal and urinary N excretion of goats fed diets containing 11.5% and 10.0% CP were lower than those of goats fed the control diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, N retention was decreased and apparent N digestibility in the entire gastrointestinal tract was increased in goats fed the 10% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the duodenal flow of lysine, tryptophan and phenylalanine was decreased in goats fed the 11.5% CP diet (P < 0.05) and that of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, essential AAs (EAAs) and total AAs (TAAs) was decreased in goats fed the 10.0% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the apparent absorption of TAAs in the small intestine was increased in goats fed the 11.5% CP diet (P < 0.05) and that of isoleucine, serine, cysteine, EAAs, non-essential AAs, and TAAs in the small intestine was increased in goats fed the 10.0% CP diet (P < 0.05). When compared with goats fed the control diet, the relative richness of Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres was increased and that of Proteobacteria and Synergistetes was decreased in the rumen of goats fed a diet with 10.0% CP. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP content reduced N excretion and increased nutrient utilization by improving rumen fermentation, enhancing nutrient digestion and absorption, and altering rumen microbiota in growing goats.

Keywords

low-protein dietnitrogen excretionamino acidssmall intestinesruminants
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 10 , October 2020 , pp. 2063 - 2073
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Animal Consortium

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Footnotes

*

These two authors contributed equally to this work.

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