Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T06:42:58.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Peripartum Ca and P homeostasis in multiparous sows fed adequate or excess dietary Ca

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2020

M. Grez-Capdeville  and
T. D. Crenshaw Open the ORCID record for T. D. Crenshaw [Opens in a new window]
M. Grez-Capdeville
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
T. D. Crenshaw*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The recent increased prevalence of uterine prolapses in sows around parturition has led to inferences that the prolapses may be associated with hypocalcemia. However, limited data are available to support that hypocalcemia occurs in sows. Hypocalcemia in dairy cows is associated with feeding excess dietary Ca during late gestation. The excess Ca is assumed to suppress homeostatic mechanisms critical to maintain serum Ca concentrations as the Ca demand increases during the early stages of lactation. In this experiment, sows were fed diets with excess Ca during late gestation and early lactation to assess the potential development of hypocalcemia in the peripartum period. Twelve crossbred (Large White × Landrace) multiparous gestating sows were fed a control diet (CON), 0.65% Ca to 0.38% standardized total tract digestible P (STTD P) and 0.67% Ca to 0.38% STTD P in gestation and lactation diets, respectively) or a high Ca diet (HCa, 1.75% Ca to 0.46% STTD P and 1.75% Ca to 0.45% STTD P in gestation and lactation diets, respectively). The diets were fed from gestation day 86 þ ± 1 until the end of lactation (27 þ ± 2 days period). On day 112 of gestation, indwelling venous catheters were placed in each sow. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals within four designated times (0700, 1000, 1300 and 1700 h) on gestation day 113 and lactation days 1, 3 and 5. Venous blood pH, gases (pO2, pCO2 and HCO3−), electrolytes (K+, Na+ and Cl−), ionized Ca (iCa), metabolites (glucose and lactate), plasma total Ca (tCa), and P were analyzed. Overall, sows fed HCa diet had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of blood iCa and plasma tCa than sows fed CON diets. No clinical signs of Ca metabolism disorders were observed. Unexpectedly, concentrations of plasma P in sows fed HCa diets were lower (P < 0.001) than in sows fed CON diets. Plasma P tended to decrease (P = 0.057) as day of lactation increased. Differences between dietary treatments for blood pH, gases, electrolytes and metabolites were not detected (P > 0.05). No evidence for hypocalcemia was detected in peripartum sows fed CON or HCa diets. These data imply that excess Ca in late gestation diets did not result in hypocalcemia during the peripartum period. Future experiments should focus on factors other than hypocalcemia to identify causes of uterine prolapses in sows.

Keywords

hypocalcemiahypophosphatemiaionized Capiguterine prolapses
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 9 , September 2020 , pp. 1821 - 1828
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amundson, LA and Crenshaw, TD 2020. Lessons learned from the hypovitaminosis D kyphotic pig model. Journal of Animal Science (in press).Google Scholar
Ayliffe, TR, Noakes, DE and Silva, JR 1984. The effect of experimental induced hypocalcaemia on uterine activity in the sow during parturition and post-partum. Theriogenology 21, 803–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bikker, P and Blok, MC 2017. Phosphorus and calcium requirements of growing pigs and sows. Federatie Nederlandse Diervoederketen, Wageningen, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constable, PD, Hinchcliff, KW, Done, SH and Grünberg, W 2017. Appendix 2 Reference laboratory values. In Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the disease of cattle, horses, sheep, pig and goats (ed. Constable, PD, Hinchcliff, KW, Done, SH and Grünberg, W), pp. 2217–2219. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO, USA.Google Scholar
Csapó, J, Martin, TG, Csapo-Kiss, ZS and Hazas, Z 1996. Protein, fats, vitamin and mineral concentrations in porcine colostrum and milk from parturition to 60 days. International Dairy Journal 6, 881–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, CR, Erb, HN, Sniffen, CJ, Smith, RD, Powers, PA, Smith, MC, White, ME, Hillman, RB and Pearson, EJ 1983. Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183, 559–561.Google ScholarPubMed
Darriet, C, Axe, DE, Crenshaw, TD 2017. Acidogenic mineral additions increased Ca mobilization in prepartum sows. Journal of Animal Science 95, 212–225.Google ScholarPubMed
DeRouchey, JM, Hancock, JD, Hines, RH, Cummings, KR, Lee, DJ, Maloney, CA, Dean, DW, Park, JS and Cao, H 2003. Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on the chemistry of blood and urine in lactating sows and sow litter performance. Journal of Animal Science 81, 3067–3074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eeckhout, W, de Paepe, M, Warnants, N and Bekaert, H 1995. An estimation of the minimal P requirements for growing-finishing pigs, as influenced by the Ca level of the diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 52, 29–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friendship, RM, Lumsden, JH, McMillan, I and Wilson, MR 1984. Hematology and biochemistry reference values for Ontario swine. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 48, 390–393.Google ScholarPubMed
Girard, CL, Robert, S, Matte, JJ, Farmer, C and Martineau, GP 1996. Serum concentrations of micronutrients, packed cell volume, and blood hemoglobin during the first two gestations and lactations of sows. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 179–185.Google ScholarPubMed
Goff, JP 2008. The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal 176, 50–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, DA 1990. Serum calcium. In Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations (ed. Kenneth Walker, H, Dallas Hall, W and Willis Hurst, J), pp. 677–679. Butterworths, Oxford, UK.Google ScholarPubMed
Green, HB, Horst, RL, Beitz, DC and Littledike, ET 1981. Vitamin D metabolites in plasma of cows fed a prepartum low-calcium diet for prevention of parturient hypocalcemia. Journal of Dairy Science 64, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannon, JP, Bossone, CA and Wade, CE 1989. Normal physiological values for conscious pigs used in biomedical research. Journal of American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 40, 293–298.Google Scholar
Hansen, AV, Strathe, AB, Kebreab, E, France, J and Theil, PK 2012. Predicting milk yield and composition in lactating sows: a Bayesian approach. Journal of Animal Science 90, 2285–2298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaney, RP and Nordin, BEC 2002. Calcium effects on phosphorus absorption: implications for the prevention and co-therapy of osteoporosis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21, 239–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, MF, Evans, RJ and Gresham, ACJ 1991. Blood biochemical reference ranges for sows under modern management conditions. British Veterinary Journal 147, 331–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horst, RL, Goff, JP and Reinhardt, TA 2005. Adapting to the transition between gestation and lactation: differences between rat, human and dairy cow. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 10, 141–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iida, R, Piñeiro, C and Koketsu, Y 2019. Incidences and risk factors for prolapse removal in Spanish sow herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 163, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamgarpour, R, Daniel, RCW, Fenwick, DC, Mcguigan, K and Murphy, G 1999. Post partum subclinical hypocalcaemia and effects on ovarian function and uterine involution in a dairy herd. Veterinary Journal 158, 59–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladenson, JH, Lewis, JW and Boyd, JC 1978. Failure of total calcium corrected for protein, albumin, and pH to correctly assess free calcium status. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 46, 986–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Létourneau-Montminy, MP, Jondreville, C, Sauvant, D and Narcy, A 2012. Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by growing pigs: effect of dietary phosphorus, calcium and exogenous phytase. Animal 6, 1590–1600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, EW 1970. Ionized calcium in normal serum, ultrafiltrates, and whole blood determined by ion-exchange electrodes. The Journal of clinical investigation 49, 318–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (NRC) 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pittman, J 2017. Sow prolapse syndrome: 13 potential causes. Retrieved on 30 July 2019 from https://www.agriculture.com/livestock/hogs/sow-prolapse-syndrome-13-potential-causesGoogle Scholar
Reinhardt, TA, Lippolis, JD, McCluskey, BJ, Goff, JP and Horst, RL 2011. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Veterinary Journal 188, 122–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinhart, GA and Mahan, DC 1986. Effect of various calcium:phosphorus ratios at low and high dietary phosphorus for starter, grower and finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 63, 457–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risco, CA, Reynolds, JP and Hird, D 1984. Uterine prolapse and hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185, 1517–1519.Google ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez, EM, Arís, A and Bach, A 2017. Associations between subclinical hypocalcemia and postparturient diseases in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 7427–7434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, HH, Adeola, O, Cromwell, GL, Kim, SW, Mahan, DC and Miller, PS 2011. Concentration of dietary calcium supplied by calcium carbonate does not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium, but decreases digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 2139–2144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stock, JD, Hostetler, C and Stalder, KJ 2017. Prolapse incidence in swine breeding herds is a cause for concern. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 7, 85–97.Google Scholar
Van Der Meer, R, Welberg, JWM, Kuipers, F, Kleibeuker, JH, Mulder, NH, Termont, DSML, Vonk, RJ, de Vries, HT and de Vries, EGE 1990. Effects of supplemental dietary calcium on the intestinal association of calcium, phosphate, and bile acids. Gastroenterology 99, 1653–1659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verheyen, AJM, Maes, DGD, Mateusen, B, Deprez, P, Janssens, GPJ, de Lange, L and Counotte, G 2007. Serum biochemical reference values for gestating and lactating sows. Veterinary Journal 174, 92–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, WX, Liu, JX, Xu, GZ and Ye, JA 2008. Calcium homeostasis, acid-base balance, and health status in periparturient Holstein cows fed diets with low cation-anion difference. Livestock Science 117, 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Žvorc, Z, Mrljak, V, Sušić, V and Gotal, JP 2006. Haematological and biochemical parameters during pregnancy and lactation in sows. Veterinarski Arhiv 76, 245–253.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Grez-Capdeville and Crenshaw Supplementary Materials

Grez-Capdeville and Crenshaw Supplementary Materials

Download Grez-Capdeville and Crenshaw Supplementary Materials(File)
File 15.3 KB