Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:47:12.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2014

S. T. Ahmed ,
H.-S. Mun ,
H. Yoe  and
C.-J. Yang
S. T. Ahmed
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-950, Republic of Korea
H.-S. Mun
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-950, Republic of Korea
H. Yoe
Affiliation:
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-950, Republic of Korea
C.-J. Yang*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-950, Republic of Korea
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Behavior is one of the most commonly used indicators of illness; however, few studies have investigated how different common diseases affect animal behavior. This experiment was conducted to investigate behavioral and clinical alterations in growing pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella spp. during a 4-week post-infection period. A total of 48 growing pigs were divided into one of the three treatment groups (1) control, (2) infection with Salmonella Typhimurium or (3) infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Individual pigs’ behavior was recorded daily (0900 to 1100 and 1600 to 1800 h) using a video-recording system. Pigs in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake during week 0 to 2 and 0 to 4 experimental period. Bacteriological data revealed that pigs in both infected groups persistently shed bacteria throughout the period of study. Oral infection of growing pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis significantly reduced the frequency of morning large (except week 1) and small movement throughout the study period. In the evening, significantly lowest frequency of movements were observed in the S. Enteritidis-infected group compared with the control. The standing and sitting frequency were significantly lower in both infected groups only at the morning of week 4. Infection with Salmonella spp. led to a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of morning eating and drinking throughout the experimental period, with the exception of 4th week drinking duration. The lowest frequency of evening eating during week 1 and 4 was recorded in both infected groups; whereas, the duration differed only at week 1. The evening drinking frequency only tended to decrease in response to S. Typhimurium infection at week 1. This study shows that, pigs infected with Salmonella spp. had poor performance, shedding high levels of Salmonella with their feces and reduced feeding and drinking activity, which are adaptive responses to infection and may help caretakers to detect ill health.

Keywords

behaviorgrowth rategrowing pigsSalmonella infectionvideo recording
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 115 - 121
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bahnson, PB, Mateus-Pinella, N, Omran, LM, Grass, J, Fransen, L and Fedorka-Cray, PJ 2001. Risk factors for high levels of antibody to Salmonella spp. among market weight pigs. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork, September 2–5, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 250–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balaji, R, Wright, KJ, Hill, CM, Dritz, SS, Knoppel, EL and Minton, JE 2000. Acute phase responses of pigs challenged orally with Salmonella Typhimurium . Journal of Animal Science 78, 1885–1891.Google Scholar
Baranyiova, E and Holub, A 1993. Effects of diarrhoea on water consumption of piglets weaned on the first day after birth. Acta Veterinaria Brno 62, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkey, TE, Dritz, SS, Nietfeld, JC, Johnson, BJ and Minton, JE 2004. Effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharide and sodium chlorate on the growth performance, acute-phase response, and bacterial shedding of weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Journal of Animal Science 82, 397–404.Google Scholar
Edwards, JD and Gibson, DJM 2012. Novel technology for the remote monitoring of animals. Companion Animal Society Newsletter 23, 56–59.Google Scholar
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2008. Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in slaughter pigs, in the EU, 2006–2007. EFSA Journal 206, 1–111.Google Scholar
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2011. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2009. EFSA Journal 9, 1–378.Google Scholar
Gray, JT, Fedorka-Cray, PJ, Stabel, TJ and Ackermann, MR 1995. Influence of inoculation route on the carrier state of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Veterinary Microbiology 47, 43–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, BL 1988. Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 12, 123–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haugse, CN, Dunusson, WE, Erickson, DC, Johnson, JN and Buchanan, ML 1965. What influences the activity of pigs? How much time do they spend eating? Feedstuffs 37, 5.Google Scholar
Hicks, RB, Owens, FN and Gill, DR 1989. Behavioral patterns of feedlot steers, Animal Science Research Report, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA, pp. 94–105.Google Scholar
Ivanek, R, Snary, EL, Cook, AJ and Gröhn, YT 2004. A mathematical model for the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium within a grower-finisher pig herd in Great Britain. Journal of Food Protection 67, 2403–2409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivoš, J and Krsnik, B 1979. Some observations of the impact of noise on poultry and swine. Veterinaria (Sarajevo) 2, 165–175.Google Scholar
Ivoš, J, Krsnik, B and Kovačević, S 1981. Ecology and production in pig-breeding. Stočarstvo 35, 379–416.Google Scholar
Johnson, RW 1997. Inhibitions of growth by pro-inflammatory cytokines: an integrated view. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1244–1255.Google Scholar
Johnson, RW 2002. The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 87, 443–450.Google Scholar
Kranker, S, Dahl, J and Wingstrand, A 2001. Bacteriological and serological examination and risk factor analysis of Salmonella occurrence in sow herds, including risk factors for high Salmonella seroprevalence in receiver finishing herds. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork, September 2–5, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 230–236.Google Scholar
Krsnik, B, Yammine, R, Pavičić, Ž, Balenović, T, Njari, B, Vrbanac, I and Valpotić, I 1999. Experimental model of enterotoxic Escherichia coli infection in pigs: potential for an early recognition of colibacillosis by monitoring behavior. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 22, 261–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiner, G, Hübner, K and Hepp, S 2009. Suffering in diseased pigs as expressed by behavioural, clinical and clinical-chemical traits, in a well defined parasite model. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 188, 222–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, MP 2003. Genetic regulation of feed intake and energy balance in poultry. Poultry Science 82, 907–916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rostagno, MH, Eicher, SD and Lay, DC Jr 2011. Immunological, physiological, and behavioral effects of Salmonella enterica carriage and shedding in experimentally infected finishing pigs. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8, 623–630.Google Scholar
Schwartz, K 1991. Salmonellosis in swine. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 13, 139–147.Google Scholar
Simonsen, HB 1990. Behaviour and distribution of fattening pigs in the multi-activity pen. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 27, 311–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stege, H, Christensen, J, Baggesen, DL and Nielsen, JP 1997. Subclinical Salmonella infection in Danish finishing pig herds: the effect of Salmonella contaminated feed. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork, August 20–22, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 81–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, JL, Dritz, SS, Higgins, JJ, Herkelman, KL and Minton, JE 2002. Effects of a Quillaja saponaria extract on growth performance and immune function of weanling pigs challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium . Journal of Animal Science 80, 1939–1946.Google Scholar
Van Putten, G 1978. Schwein. In Nutztierethologie (ed. HH Sambraus), pp. 168–213. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Volf, J, Stepanova, H, Matiasovic, J, Kyrova, K, Sisak, F, Havlickova, H, Leva, L, Faldyna, M and Rychlik, I 2012. Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium and Enteritidis infection of pigs and cytokine signaling in palatine tonsils. Veterinary Microbiology 156, 127–135.Google Scholar
Weary, DM, Huzzey, JM and von Keyserlingk, MAG 2009. Board-invited interview: using behavior to predict and identify ill health in animals. Journal of Animal Science 87, 770–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar