Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:56:28.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Long-term effect of linseed plus nitrate fed to dairy cows on enteric methane emission and nitrate and nitrite residuals in milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2016

J. Guyader ,
M. Doreau ,
D. P. Morgavi ,
C. Gérard ,
C. Loncke  and
C. Martin
J. Guyader
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
M. Doreau
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
D. P. Morgavi
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
C. Gérard
Affiliation:
InVivo Nutrition et Santé Animales, Talhouët, F-56250 Saint-Nolff, France
C. Loncke
Affiliation:
INZO, Rue de l’église, Chierry, CS90019, F-02402 Château-Thierry Cedex, France
C. Martin*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A previous study showed the additive methane (CH4)-mitigating effect of nitrate and linseed fed to non-lactating cows. Before practical application, the use of this new strategy in dairy cows requires further investigation in terms of persistency of methanogenesis reduction and absence of residuals in milk products. The objective of this experiment was to study the long-term effect of linseed plus nitrate on enteric CH4 emission and performance in dairy cows. We also assessed the effect of this feeding strategy on the presence of nitrate residuals in milk products, total tract digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance and rumen fermentation. A total of 16 lactating Holstein cows were allocated to two groups in a randomised design conducted in parallel for 17 weeks. Diets were on a dry matter (DM) basis: (1) control (54% maize silage, 6% hay and 40% concentrate; CON) or (2) control plus 3.5% added fat from linseed and 1.8% nitrate (LIN+NIT). Diets were equivalent in terms of CP (16%), starch (28%) and NDF (33%), and were offered twice daily. Cows were fed ad libitum, except during weeks 5, 16 and 17 in which feed was restricted to 95% of dry matter intake (DMI) to ensure complete consumption of meals during measurement periods. Milk production and DMI were measured weekly. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in milk and milk products were determined monthly. Daily CH4 emission was quantified in open circuit respiration chambers (weeks 5 and 16). Total tract apparent digestibility, N balance and rumen fermentation parameters were determined in week 17. Daily DMI tended to be lower with LIN+NIT from week 4 to 16 (−5.1 kg/day on average). The LIN+NIT diet decreased milk production during 6 non-consecutive weeks (−2.5 kg/day on average). Nitrate or nitrite residuals were not detected in milk and associated products. The LIN+NIT diet reduced CH4 emission to a similar extent at the beginning and end of the trial (−47%, g/day; −30%, g/kg DMI; −33%, g/kg fat- and protein-corrected milk, on average). Diets did not affect N efficiency and nutrients digestibility. In the rumen, LIN+NIT did not affect protozoa number but reduced total volatile fatty acid (−12%) and propionate (−31%) concentrations. We concluded that linseed plus nitrate may have a long-term CH4-mitigating effect in dairy cows and that consuming milk products from cows fed nitrate may be safe in terms of nitrate and nitrite residuals. Further work is required to optimise the doses of linseed plus nitrate to avoid reduced cows performance.

Keywords

linseedmethanemilk productnitrateruminant
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 7 , July 2016 , pp. 1173 - 1181
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, MS 1996. Physical constraints on voluntary intake of forages by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 74, 3063–3075.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AOAC 2005. Official methods of analysis, vol. 1, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Benjamin, N 2000. Nitrates in the human diet–good or bad? Annales de Zootechnie (Paris) 49, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calsamiglia, S, Ferret, A, Reynolds, CK, Kristensen, NB and van Vuuren, AM 2010. Strategies for optimizing nitrogen use by ruminants. Animal 4, 1184–1196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doreau, M, Bamière, L, Pellerin, C, Lherm, M and Benoit, M 2014. Mitigation of enteric methane for French cattle: potential extent and cost of selected actions. Animal Production Science 54, 1417–1422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Zaiat, HM, Patiño, HO, Soltan, YA, Morsy, AS, Araujo, RC, Louvandini, H and Abdalla, AL 2013. Additive effect of nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid in an encapsulated product fed to lambs on enteric methane emission and growth performance. In Proceedings of the 5th Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture Conference, 23–26 June, Dublin, Ireland, p. 346.Google Scholar
European Food Safety Authority 2009. Scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Commission on nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed. The EFSA Journal 1017, 1–47.Google Scholar
Ferlay, A, Doreau, M, Martin, C and Chilliard, Y 2013. Effects of incremental amounts of extruded linseed on the milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows receiving hay or corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 6577–6595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerber, P, Vellinga, T, Opio, C and Steinfeld, H 2011. Productivity gains and greenhouse gas emissions intensity in dairy systems. Livestock Science 139, 100–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyader, J, Eugène, M, Meunier, B, Doreau, M, Morgavi, DP, Silberberg, M, Rochette, Y, Gérard, C, Loncke, C and Martin, C 2015. Additive methane-mitigating effect between linseed oil and nitrate fed to cattle. Journal of Animal Science 93, 3564–3577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guyader, J, Silberberg, M, Popova, M, Seradj, AR, Morgavi, DP and Martin, C 2014. Dietary nitrates decrease methane emission by inhibiting rumen methanogenic archaea without influencing nitrate reducing bacteria. In Proceedings of the 9th Joint Rowett/INRA Symposium, Gut Microbiology: from Sequence to Function, 16–19 June, Aberdeen, UK, p. 13.Google Scholar
Hulshof, RBA, Berndt, A, Gerrits, WJJ, Dijkstra, J, Van Zijderveld, SM, Newbold, JR and Perdok, HB 2012. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces methane emission in beef cattle fed sugarcane based diets. Journal of Animal Science 90, 2317–2323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
INRA 2010. Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins.. INRA Editions, Paris, France. (in French).Google Scholar
ISO 2004. ISO 14673-1:2004 (IDF 189-1: 2004): Lait et produits laitiers-Détermination des teneurs en nitrates et en nitrites-Partie 1: Méthode par réduction au cadmium et spectrométrie. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Kaplan, JC 1965. Méthode de mesure rapide du taux de la methémoglobine dans les globules rouges. Revue Française d’Etudes Cliniques et Biologiques 10, 856–859. (in French).Google Scholar
Lee, C, Araujo, RC, Koenig, KM and Beauchemin, KA 2015. Effects of encapsulated nitrate on enteric methane production and nitrogen and energy utilization in beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science 93, 2391–2404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, C and Beauchemin, KA 2014. A meta-analysis of effects of feeding nitrate on toxicity, production, and enteric methane emissions in ruminants. In Proceedings of the Joint Annual Meeting, Linking Animal Science and Animal Agriculture: Meeting the Global Demands of 2050, 20–24 July, Kansas City, MO, USA, pp. 845–846.Google Scholar
Lewis, D 1951. The metabolism of nitrate and nitrite in the sheep. 1 The reduction of nitrate in the rumen of the sheep. Biochemical Journal 48, 175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, KM, Humphries, DJ, Kirton, P, Kliem, KE, Givens, DI and Reynolds, CK 2015. Effects of forage type and extruded linseed supplementation on methane production and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 4000–4011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, C, Pomiès, D, Ferlay, A, Rochette, Y, Martin, B, Chilliard, Y, Morgavi, DP and Doreau, M 2011. Methane output and rumen microbiota in dairy cows in response to long-term supplementation with linseed or rapeseed of grass silage- or pasture-based diets. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 71, 243–247.Google Scholar
Morgavi, DP, Jouany, JP and Martin, C 2008. Changes in methane emission and rumen fermentation parameters induced by refaunation in sheep. Animal Production Science 48, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pezzi, P, Giammarco, M, Vignola, G and Brogna, N 2007. Effects of extruded linseed dietary supplementation on milk yield, milk quality and lipid metabolism of dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, 333–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinares-Patiño, CS, Hunt, C, Martin, R, West, J, Lovejoy, P and Waghorn, G 2012. Chapter 1: New Zealand ruminant methane measurement centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North. In Technical manual on respiration chamber designs (ed. CS Pinares-Patiño and G Waghorn), pp. 9–28. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Potts, TJ 1967. Colorimetric determination of urea in feeds (report of AOAC Committee). Journal of the AOAC 50, 56–58.Google Scholar
Shen, JS, Chai, Z, Song, LJ, Liu, JX and Wu, YM 2012. Insertion depth of oral stomach tubes may affect the fermentation parameters of ruminal fluid collected in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 5978–5984.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spek, JW, Dijkstra, J, van Duinkerken, G and Bannink, A 2013. A review of factors influencing milk urea concentration and its relationship with urinary urea excretion in lactating dairy cattle. The Journal of Agricultural Science 151, 407–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troy, SM, Duthie, CA, Hyslop, JJ, Roehe, R, Ross, DW, Wallace, RJ, Waterhouse, A and Rooke, JA 2015. Effectiveness of nitrate addition and increased oil content as methane mitigation strategies for beef cattle fed two contrasting basal diets. Journal of Animal Science 93, 1815–1823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Zijderveld, SM, Dijkstra, J, Perdok, HB, Newbold, JR and Gerrits, WJJ 2011a. Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulfide, yucca powder, calcium fumarate, an extruded linseed product, or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 3094–3104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zijderveld, SM, Gerrits, WJJ, Apajalahti, JA, Newbold, JR, Dijkstra, J, Leng, RA and Perdok, HB 2010. Nitrate and sulfate: effective alternative hydrogen sinks for mitigation of ruminal methane production in sheep. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 5856–5866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Zijderveld, SM, Gerrits, WJJ, Dijkstra, J, Newbold, JR, Hulshof, RBA and Perdok, HB 2011b. Persistency of methane mitigation by dietary nitrate supplementation in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 4028–4038.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veneman, JB, Muetzel, S, Hart, KJ, Faulkner, CL, Moorby, JM, Molano, G, Perdok, HB, Newbold, JR and Newbold, CJ 2014. Dietary nitrate but not linseed oil decreases methane emissions in two studies with lactating dairy cows. In Proceedings of the Livestock, Climate Change and Food Security Conference, 19–20 May, Madrid, Spain, p. 38.Google Scholar
Weitzberg, E and Lundberg, JO 2013. Novel aspects of dietary nitrate and human health. Annual Review of Nutrition 33, 129–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed