Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:55:55.932Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2010

M. Umar Faruk ,
I. Bouvarel ,
S. Mallet ,
M. N. Ali ,
H. M. Tukur ,
Y. Nys  and
P. Lescoat
M. Umar Faruk
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (UR83), F-37380 Nouzilly, France Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
I. Bouvarel
Affiliation:
Institut Technique de l’Aviculture (ITAVI), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
S. Mallet
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (UR83), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
M. N. Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
H. M. Tukur
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
Y. Nys
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (UR83), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
P. Lescoat*
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (UR83), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The impact of sequential feeding of whole or ground wheat on the performance of layer hen was investigated using ISABROWN hens from 19 to 42 weeks of age. In addition, the effect of reduced dietary energy content of a complete diet was also investigated. Four treatments were tested. Whole wheat was alternated with a protein–mineral concentrate (balancer diet) in a treatment (sequential whole wheat: SWW), while another treatment alternated ground wheat (sequential ground wheat: SGW) with the same balancer diet. The control (C) was fed a complete layer diet conventionally. Another treatment (low energy: LE) was fed a complete diet conventionally. The diet contained lower energy (10.7 v. 11.6 MJ/kg) compared to the C. Each treatment was allocated 16 cages and each cage contained five birds. Light was provided 16 h daily (0400 to 2000 h). Feed offered was controlled (121 g/bird per day) and distributed twice (2 × 60.5 g) at 4 and 11 h after lights on. In the sequential treatment, only wheat (whole or ground) was fed during the first distribution and the balancer diet during the second distribution. Left over feed was always removed before the next distribution. The total feed intake was not different between SWW and SGW, but the two were lower than C (P < 0.05). Wheat intake was however, lowered with SGW compared to SWW (P < 0.05). Egg production and egg mass (EM) were not different between treatments. Egg weight was lower with SGW than with SWW (P < 0.05), but the two were similar to C. Body weight (BW) was lowered (P < 0.01) with SGW relative to SWW and C, SWW BW being also lower than the C one. The efficiency of egg production was increased (P < 0.01) with the SWW and SGW relative to the control. Birds fed LE had higher feed intake (P < 0.05) but they had similar egg production and EM compared to the two sequential treatments. The efficiency of feed utilization was also reduced (P < 0.01) with LE compared to SWW and SGW. It was concluded that sequential feeding is more efficient than conventional feeding. In addition, whole wheat appeared more efficient than ground wheat in terms of egg and BW.

Keywords

sequential feedingwhole wheatground wheatfeed intakeegg production
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , February 2011 , pp. 230 - 238
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amerah, AM, Ravindran, V, Lentle, RG, Thomas, DG 2007. Feed particle size: implications on the digestion and performance of poultry. World’s Poultry Science Journal 63, 439–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, R, Dewar, WA, Downie, JN 1973. Egg production responses of hens given a complete mash or unground grain together with concentrate pellets. British Poultry Science 14, 373–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, JH, Namkung, H, Paik, IK 2004. Feed consumption pattern of laying hens in relation to time of oviposition. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 17, 371–373.Google Scholar
Deaton, JW, Lott, BD, Simmons, JD 1989. Hammer mill versus roller mill grinding of corn for commercial egg layers. Poultry Science 68, 1342–1344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dezat, E, Umar Faruk, M, Lescoat, P, Roffidal, L, Chagneau, A-M, Bouvarel, I 2009. Reaction à court terme de poules pondeuses face à un mélange de blé et d’aliments de granulométrie différente. In 8èmes Journées de la Recherche Avicole, 25 et 26 mars 2009, St. Malo, France, pp. 292–296.Google Scholar
Fisher, C 1969. The effects of a protein deficiency on egg composition. British Poultry Science 10, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabriel, I, Mallet, S, Leconte, M 2003. Differences in the digestive tract characteristics of broiler chickens fed on complete pelleted diet or on whole wheat added to pelleted protein concentrate. British Poultry Science 44, 283–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, RA, Levi, S, Lee, CY, Mandir, N, Hodgson, H, Wright, NA 1991. Morphometry and cell proliferation in endoscopic biopsies: evaluation of a technique. Gastroenterology 101, 1235–1241.Google Scholar
Hill, KJ, Strachan, PJ 1975. Recent advances in digestive physiology of the fowl. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 35, 1–2.Google Scholar
ISA Hendrix Genetics 2007. Nutrition management guide. Institut de Sélection Animale (ISA) A Hendrix Genetics Company, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Keshavarz, K 1998. Investigation on the possibility of reducing protein phosphorus and calcium requirements of laying hens by manipulation of time access to these nutrients. Poultry Science 77, 1320–1332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larbier, M, Leclercq, B 1992. Métabolisme Energétique. In Nutrition et alimentation des volailles (ed. M Larbier and B Leclercq), pp. 63–90. INRA editions, Paris.Google Scholar
Lee, KH, Ohh, YS 2002. Effects of nutrient levels and feeding regimen of a.m. and p.m. diets on laying hen performances and feed cost. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 29, 195–204.Google Scholar
Leeson, S, Summers, JD 1978. Voluntary food restriction by laying hens mediated through dietary self selection. British Poultry Science 19, 417–424.Google Scholar
Melcion, J-P 2000. La granulométrie de l’aliment: principe, mesure et obtention. INRA Productions Animales 13, 81–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mongin, P, Sauveur, B 1974. Voluntary food and calcium intake by the laying hens. British Poultry Science 15, 349–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, TR, Gous, RM 1988. Partitioning of the response to protein between egg numbers and egg weight. British Poultry Science 29, 93–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nir, I, Melcion, J-P, Picard, M 1990. Effect of particle size of sorghum grains on feed intake and performance in young broilers. Poultry Science 69, 2177–2184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noirot, V, Bouvarel, I, Barrier-Guillot, B, Castaing, J, Zwick, JL, Picard, M 1998. Céréales entières pour les poulets de chair: le retour? INRA Productions Animales 11, 349–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novak, CL, Yakout, HM, Remus, J 2008. Response to varying dietary energy and protein with or without enzyme supplementation on leghorn performance and economics. 2. Laying period. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17, 17–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nys, Y, Sauveur, B, Lacassagne, L, Mongin, P 1976. Food, calcium and water intakes by hens lit continuously from hatching. British Poultry Science 17, 351–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Picard, M, Melcion, JP, Bouchot, C, Faure, J-M 1997. Picorage et préhensibilité des particules alimentaires chez les vollailes. INRA Productions Animales 10, 403–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portella, FJ, Caston, LJ, Leeson, S 1988. Apparent feed particle size preference by laying hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 915–922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichmann, KG, Connor, JK 1979. The effects of meal feeding of calcium, protein and energy on production and calcium status of laying hens. British Poultry Science 20, 445–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D 1985. Performance of laying hens as affected by split time and split time composition dietary regimens using ground and unground cereals. British Poultry Science 26, 299–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakomura, NK 2004. Modelling energy utilization in broiler breeders laying hens and broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 6, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scanes, CG, Campbell, R, Griminger, P 1987. Control of energy balance during egg production in the laying hen. Journal of Nutrition 117, 605–611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, M, McCann, M 2005. The effect of particle size and feed form on laying hen performance. Journal of Animal Science 83, 335–336.Google Scholar
Smith, AJ 1973. Some effects of high environmental temperatures on the productivity of laying hens (a review). Tropical Animal Health and Production 5, 259–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sohail, SS, Bryant, MM, SrRoland, DA, Apajalahti, JHA, Pierson, EEM 2003. Influence of Avizyme 1500 on performance of commercial leghorns. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12, 284–290.Google Scholar
Sun, X 2004. Broiler performance and intestinal alterations when fed drug-free diets. MSc thesis, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.Google Scholar
Umar Faruk, M, Dezat, E, Bouvarel, I, Nys, Y, Lescoat, P 2008. Loose-mix and sequential feeding of mash diets with whole-wheat: effect on feed intake in laying hens. In Proceedings of the XXIII World Poultry Congress, 30 June–04 July 2008, Brisbane, Australia, p. 468.Google Scholar
Umar Faruk, M, Bouvarel, I, Meme, N, Rideau, N, Roffidal, L, Tukur, HM, Bastianelli, D, Nys, Y, Lescoat, P 2010. Sequential feeding using whole wheat and a separate protein–mineral concentrate improved feed efficiency in laying hen. Poultry Science 89, 785–796.Google Scholar
Vergara, P, Ferrando, C, Jiménez, M, Fernandez, E, Gonalons, E 1989. Factors determining gastrointestinal transit time of several markers in the domestic fowl. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 74, 867–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiser, MM 1973. Intestinal epithelial cell surface membrane glycoprotein synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 248, 2542–2548.Google Scholar
Wu, YB, Ravindran, V, Thomas, DG, Birtles, MJ, Hendriks, WH 2004. Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science 45, 385–394.Google Scholar
Xu, ZR, Hu, CH, Xia, MS, Zhan, XA, Wang, MQ 2003. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science 82, 1030–1036.Google Scholar