Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T15:27:55.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increased diet viscosity by oat β-glucans decreases the passage rate of liquids in the stomach and affects digesta physicochemical properties in growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2019

M. Schop Open the ORCID record for M. Schop [Opens in a new window] ,
A. J. M. Jansman ,
S. de Vries Open the ORCID record for S. de Vries [Opens in a new window]  and
W. J. J. Gerrits
M. Schop*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
A. J. M. Jansman
Affiliation:
Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
S. de Vries
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
W. J. J. Gerrits
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Rheological properties of digesta play a role in digesta passage kinetics through the gastrointestinal tract, in turn affecting nutrient absorption kinetics. Therefore, we studied the effects of diet viscosity on digesta passage and physicochemical properties in pigs. Twenty male growing pigs (35 kg body weight at the start) were assigned to one of five diets with increasing dietary concentrations of β-glucans (BG; from 0 % to 10 %), in exchange for maize starch. After a 17-day adaptation period, pigs were euthanised and the mean retention time (MRT) of digesta solids (TiO2) and liquids (Cr-EDTA) in the stomach, and proximal and distal half of the small intestine was quantified. In the stomach, the MRT of liquids, but not of solids, increased when dietary BG level increased (6 min per % dietary BG, P = 0.008 and R2 = 0.35). Concomitantly, stomach DM content (5 g/kg per % dietary BG, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.53) and apparent digesta viscosity (56 Pa × s at 1/s shear rate per % dietary BG, P = 0.003 and R2 = 0.41) decreased. In the proximal half of the small intestine, no effects of dietary BG level were observed. In the distal half of the small intestine, water-binding capacity (WBC) of digesta increased (0.11 g/g digesta DM per % dietary BG, P = 0.028 and R2 = 0.24) and starch digestibility decreased (0.3% per % dietary BG, P = 0.034 and R2 = 0.23) when dietary BG level increased. In the colon, apparent digesta viscosity at 45/s shear rate increased (0.1 Pa × s per % dietary BG, P = 0.03 and R2 = 0.24) in the proximal half of the colon, and digesta WBC increased (0.06 g/g digesta DM per % dietary BG, P = 0.024 and R2 = 0.26) in the distal half of the colon when dietary BG level increased. To conclude, increasing dietary BG level caused the MRT of liquids, but not that of solids, to increase in the stomach, resulting in reduced separation of the solid and liquid digesta fractions. This caused dilution of the stomach content and reduction in digesta viscosity when dietary BG levels increased. Effects of dietary BG level on physicochemical properties in the proximal small intestine were absent and may have been due to a low DM content. The WBC of digesta in the distal small intestine and colon increased when dietary BG level increased, as did apparent digesta viscosity in the proximal colon. This likely reflects the concentration of BG in digesta when moving through the gastrointestinal tract.

Keywords

digesta mean retention timegastrointestinal tractsolidsrheologydigestion kinetics
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , February 2020 , pp. 269 - 276
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Batterham, ES and Bayley, HS 1989. Effect of frequency of feeding of diets containing free or protein-bound lysine on the oxidation of [14C]lysine or [14C]phenylalanine by growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 647–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centraal Veevoeder Bureau 2005. Protocol for a faecal digestibility trial with intact growing pigs. Centraal Veevoeder Bureau, Lelystad, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Centraal Veevoeder Bureau 2012. Veevoedertabel 2012: chemische samenstellingen en nutritionele waarden van voedermiddelen. Centraal Veevoeder Bureau, Lelystad, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Cherbut, C, Albina, E, Champ, M, Doublier, JL and Lecannu, G 1990. Action of guar gums on the viscosity of digestive contents and on the gastrointestinal motor function in pigs. Digestion 46, 205–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Vries, S and Gerrits, WJJ 2018. The use of tracers or markers in digestion studies. In Feed evaluation science (ed. Moughan, PJH and Hendriks, W), pp. 275–295. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
de Vries, S, Gerrits, WJJ, Kabel, MA, Vasanthan, T and Zijlstra, RT 2016. β-glucans and resistant starch alter the fermentation of recalcitrant fibers in growing pigs. PLoS ONE 11, e0167624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, J and McCracken, KJ 2002. Effects of acid and alkali concentration on in vitro measurement of wheat viscosity. Animal Feed Science and Technology 98, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooda, S, Metzler-Zebeli, BU, Vasanthan, T and Zijlstra, RT 2011. Effects of viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics in ileal-cannulated grower pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 106, 664–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ISO 5983 2005. Animal feeding stuffs – determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content – Part 1 Kjeldahl method. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
ISO 6496 1999. Animal feeding stuffs – determination of moisture and other volatile matter content. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
ISO 15914 2004. Animal feeding stuffs – enzymatic determination of total starch content. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Jagger, S, Wiseman, J, Cole, DJA and Craigon, J 1992. Evaluation of inert markers for the determination of ileal and faecal apparent digestibility values in the pig. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 729–739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johansen, HN, Bach Knudsen, KE, Sandström, B and Skjøth, F 1996. Effects of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 339–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johansen, HN, Bach Knudsen, KE, Wood, PJ and Fulcher, RG 1997. Physico-chemical properties and the degradation of oat bran polysaccharides in the gut of pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 73, 81–92.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, HN, Wood, PJ and Bach Knudsen, KE 1993. Molecular weight changes in the (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucan of oats incurred by the digestive processes in the upper gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, 2347–2352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konijn, BJ, Sanderink, OBJ and Kruyt, NP 2014. Experimental study of the viscosity of suspensions: effect of solid fraction, particle size and suspending liquid. Powder Technology 266, 61–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotb, AR and Luckey, TD 1972. Markers in nutrition. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 42, 813–845.Google ScholarPubMed
L’Institut national de la recherche agronomique 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Marciani, L, Gowland, PA, Spiller, RC, Manoj, P, Moore, RJ, Young, P and Fillery-Travis, AJ 2001. Effect of meal viscosity and nutrients on satiety, intragastric dilution, and emptying assessed by MRI. American Journal of Physiology – Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 280, G1227–G1233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, WD, Ludden, PA, Nayigihugu, V and Hess, BW 2004. A procedure for the preparation and quantitative analysis of samples for titanium dioxide. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 179–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Fortune, H, Shi, XS and Dubois, S 1994. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 344–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owusu-Asiedu, A, Patience, JF, Laarveld, B, Van Kessel, AG, Simmins, PH and Zijlstra, RT 2006. Effects of guar gum and cellulose on digesta passage rate, ileal microbial populations, energy and protein digestibility, and performance of grower pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84, 843–852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potkins, ZV, Lawrence, TLJ and Thomlinson, JR 1991. Effects of structural and non-structural polysaccharides in the diet of the growing pig on gastric emptying rate and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and through the total gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 391–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, AL and Low, AG 1986a. Effect of guar gum on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 87–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rainbird, AL and Low, AG 1986b. Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 111–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schop, M, Jansman, AJM, de Vries, S and Gerrits, WJJ 2019. Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 121, 529–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shelat, KJ, Nicholson, T, Flanagan, BM, Zhang, D, Williams, BA and Gidley, MJ 2015. Rheology and microstructure characterisation of small intestinal digesta from pigs fed a red meat-containing Western-style diet. Food Hydrocolloids 44, 300–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Udén, P, Colucci, PE and Van Soest, PJ 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Bussel, W, Kerkhof, F, van Kessel, T, Lamers, H, Nous, D, Verdonk, H, Verhoeven, B, Boer, N and Toonen, H 2010. Accurate determination of titanium as titanium dioxide for limited sample size digestibility studies of feed and food matrices by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with real-time simultaneous internal standardization. Atomic Spectroscopy 31, 81–88.Google Scholar
van den Borne, JJGC, Schrama, JW, Heetkamp, MJW, Verstegen, MWA and Gerrits, WJJ 2007. Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs. Animal, 1 666–674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Vuuren, AM, van der Koelen, CJ, Valk, H and de Visser, H 1993. Effects of partial replacement of ryegrass by low protein feeds on rumen fermentation and nitrogen loss by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 2982–2993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, CH, David, DJ and Iismaa, O 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Journal of Agricultural Science 59, 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Schop et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S3

Download Schop et al. supplementary material(File)
File 23.4 KB