Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T14:08:17.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Implementation of field cardio-respiratory measurements to assess energy expenditure in Arabian endurance horses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2014

A. G. Goachet  and
V. Julliand
A. G. Goachet*
Affiliation:
URANIE, AgroSup Dijon, 26 bd Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
V. Julliand
Affiliation:
URANIE, AgroSup Dijon, 26 bd Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Measurements of respiratory exchanges in genuine exercise conditions are undoubtedly of interest to further define the energy needs of endurance horses. However, the equine K4b2, the gas exchanges portable device validated for equines, has not been used in Arabian endurance horses yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement field cardio-respiratory measurements in such horses using the equine K4b2 in order to assess energy expenditure (EE). Measurements of heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory frequency (RF), tidal volume (VT) and minute expired volume (VE) were carried out at rest and during a 20-min submaximal incremental field exercise in five trained Arabian endurance horses equipped with the K4b2 system. The relationship between HR and VO2 was determined for each horse. EE of the exercise session was calculated from direct VO2 measurements and individual HR-VO2 regression. Out of the five horses, four tolerated the equipment. Respiratory and metabolic variables at rest and during exercise, as well as EE measured at the different gaits, were consistent with reported values in exercising horses: VO2 ranged from 4.8 to 54.1 ml/min per kg from rest to canter, respectively, and EE from 82 to 1095 J/min per kg BW. The 20-min exercise session EE accounted for 6258 and 6332 J from direct VO2 measurements and individual HR-VO2 regression, respectively, which did not differ significantly. Providing an adaptation period and several technical adjustments, the present equine K4b2 could be used to assess EE in Arabian endurance horses in a controlled environment. The prediction of EE from the individual VO2–HR relationship might be an alternative method to evaluate EE when VO2 measurements are not possible.

Keywords

horseenergy expenditureexercisefield conditionsK4b2
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 5 , May 2015 , pp. 787 - 792
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arnaud, G, Dubroeucq, H and Rivot, D 1997. Notation de l’état corporel des chevaux de selle et de sport. Guide Pratique, Institut de l’élevage, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Art, T, Duvivier, DH, van Erck, E, de Moffarts, B, Votion, D, Bedoret, D, Lejeune, JP, Lekeux, P and Serteyn, D 2006. Validation of a portable equine metabolic measurement system. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (suppl.), 557–561.Google Scholar
Castejon-Riber, C, Munoz, A, Trigo, P, Riber, C, Santisteban, R and Castejon, F 2012. Comparative ergoespirometric adaptations to a treadmill exercise test in untrained show Andalusian and Arabian horses. Veterinary Research Communications 36, 41–46.Google Scholar
Coenen, M 2010. Remarks on the benefit of heart rate recordings. In Feeding and veterinary management of the sport horse. In Proceedings of the 17th Kentucky Equine Research Nutrition Conference (ed. JD Pagan), pp. 42–54. KER, Lexington, KY, USA.Google Scholar
Evans, D and Rose, RJ 1988. Determination and repeatability of maximum oxygen uptake and other cardiorespiratory measurements in the exercising horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 20, 94–98.Google Scholar
Geor, RJ 2005. Nutritional management of endurance horses. Paper presented at the 9th Geneva Congress of Equine Medicine and Surgery, 13–15 December 2005, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 38–45.Google Scholar
Geor, RJ, McCutcheon, LJ, Hinchcliff, KW and Sams, RA 2002. Training-induced alterations in glucose metabolism during moderate intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal 34 (suppl.), 22–28.Google Scholar
Goachet, AG and Julliand, V 2011. Feeding and training the endurance horse: how science can serve the practitioners. In Applied equine nutrition and training (ed. A Lindner), pp. 49–70. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Goachet, AG, Fortier, J, Julliand, V, Assadi, H and Lepers, R 2011. The use of the equine k4b2 during incremental field exercise tests in driven Standardbred trotter: a preliminary study. In Applied equine nutrition and training (ed. A Lindner), pp. 221–226. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Hanak, J 1987. Studium dynamiky metabolickych procesu u sportovnich a dostihovych koni. PhD thesis, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.Google Scholar
Hanak, J, Jahn, P, Kabes, R, Sedlinska, M, Zert, Z, Mezerova, J and Chvatal, O 2001. A field study of oxygen consumption and estimated energy expenditure in the exercising horse. Acta Veterinaria Brno 70, 133–139.Google Scholar
Hörnicke, H, Ehrlein, HJ, Tolkmitt, G, Nagel, M, Epple, E, Decker, D, Kimmich, HP and Kreuzer, F 1974. Methods for continuous oxygen consumption measurement in exercising horses by telemetry and electronic data processing. In Energy metabolism of farm animals (ed. KH Menke, HJ Lantzsch and JR Reichl), pp. 257–260. EAAP Publications, Stuttgart, Germany.Google Scholar
Lawrence, LM 1990. Nutrition and fuel utilization in the athletic horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practices 6, 393–418.Google Scholar
Lawrence, LM 2007. Challenges in determining energy requirements of horses. In Proceedings of the 5th Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference (ed. NG Zimmermann), pp. 247–153. University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Leprêtre, PM, Metayer, N, Giovagnoli, G, Pagliei, E and Barrey, E 2009. Comparison of analyses of respiratory gases made with the k4b2 portable and Quark laboratory analysers in seven horses. Veterinary Record 164, 22–25.Google Scholar
Levine, JA 2005. Measurement of energy expenditure. Public Health Nutrition 8, 1123–1132.Google Scholar
Lopez-Rivero, JL, Aguera, E, Monterde, JG, Rodriguez-Barbudo, MV and Miro, F 1989. Comparative study of muscle fiber type composition in the middle gluteal muscle of Andalusian, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 9, 337–340.Google Scholar
Meixner, R, Hörnicke, H and Ehrlein, HJ 1981. Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation and heart rate of riding horse during walk, trot and gallop. Biotelemetry 6, 125–126.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2007. Nutrient requirements of horses, 6th revised edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pagan, JD and Hintz, HF 1986. Equine energetics. II. Energy expenditure in horses during submaximal exercise. Journal of Animal Science 63, 822–830.Google Scholar
Pagan, JD, Geor, RJ, Harris, PA, Hoekstra, K, Gardner, S, Hudson, C and Prince, A 2002. Effects of fat adaptation on glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during low-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal 34 (suppl.), 33–38.Google Scholar
Poole, DC 2003. Current concepts of oxygen transport during exercise. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 1, 5–22.Google Scholar
Pösö, A, Hyyppa, S and Geor, R 2008. Metabolic responses to exercise and training. In Equine exercise physiology (ed. W Hinchcliff, R Geor and A Kaneps ), pp. 248–273. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Prince, A, Geor, R, Harris, P, Hoekstra, K, Gardner, S, Hudson, C and Pagan, J 2002. Comparison of the metabolic responses of trained Arabians and Thoroughbreds during high- and low-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal 34 (suppl.), 95–99.Google Scholar
van Erck, E, Votion, DM, Serteyn, D and Art, T 2007. Evaluation of oxygen consumption during field exercise tests in Standardbred trotters. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 4, 43–49.Google Scholar
Votion, DM, Caudron, I, Lejeune, JP, van der Heyden, L, Art, T and van Erck, E 2006. New perspectives for field measurement of cardiorespiratory parameters in exercising horses. Pferdeheilkunde 22, 619–624.Google Scholar
Watanabe, MJ, Silveira, VF, Machado, LP, Yonezawa, LA, Kohoyagawa, A and Thomassian, A 2009. Application of spirometry during standard incremental exercise test on treadmill for respiratory evaluation of Arabian horses. Archives of Veterinary Science 14, 17–24.Google Scholar
Wickler, SJ, Hoyt, DF, Cogger, EA and McGuire, R 2002. The cost of transport in an extented trot. Equine Veterinary Journal 34 (suppl.), 126–130.Google Scholar