Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T12:26:13.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hair follicle characteristics and fibre production in South American camelids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2010

M. Antonini
M. Antonini*
Affiliation:
ENEA Casaccia Depatment BAS, Secondment at the University of Camerino Industrial Liaison Office, Via Anguillarese 301 S.M. di Galeria, 00060 Rome, Italy
*
†E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Hair follicle and fibre characteristics of Peruvian alpaca and llama and Bolivian llama were analysed in three experimental studies. The first experiment was designed to determine the age at which all the secondary follicles reach maturity, as well as to compare the skin follicular structure and activity among these different types of Peruvian camelids. It is concluded that the South American camelids investigated in this study gained a complete and mature skin follicle apparatus at an early age, and hence producers should practise an early first shearing. A second Peruvian experiment investigated comparative fibre cuticular structure on twenty Peruvian domestic camelids comprising huacaya, suri and llama (woolly) ‘chacos’ genotypes. The results showed that the number of cuticular scales per 100 μm fibre length proved to be strongly affected by both the fleece type and the fibre diameter. The suri fleece was clearly differentiated from those of both huacaya and llama by possessing the highest percentage of fibres with a number of scales less than eight, the lowest percentage of fibres with more than nine scales, along with the lowest percentage of fibres with a diameter of more than 35 μm. It is concluded that, with the exception of the scale height, the cuticular parameters investigated in this study can be utilised in textile fibre analyses for distinguishing among these three types of fleece, as well as in selection projects designed to produce homogeneous fibres from Peruvian domestic camelids. A further study was conducted to determine the age at which the hair follicles in Bolivian llamas reach maturity as well as for comparing the skin follicular structure and activity between the two distinct genotypes. Thirty-one llama kids were chosen. They were born between January and April 1998 and were of different sex and of ‘Q’aras’ (or Carguera) or ‘T’amphullis’ type. Skin biopsies were taken from the right mid-costal region at 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12 and 14 months of age in order to monitor four follicular parameters. In this experiment, secondary to primary (S/P) data show that the Bolivian llama population analysed possessed a complete and mature skin follicle apparatus at birth that remained essentially constant throughout the investigation period. Due to the variation of these traits inside the same genetic population, the present results showed that T and Q types could only be subjective on the basis of S/P ratio.

Keywords

alpacallamaskin hair folliclefibre cuticular structurepost-natal follicle development
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 9 , September 2010 , pp. 1460 - 1471
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allain, D, Renieri, C 2010. Genetics of fibre production and fleece characteristics in small ruminants, Angora rabbit and South American camelids. Animal 4, 1472–1481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonini, M, Gonzales, M, Valbonesi, A 2004. Relationship between age and postnatal skin follicular development in three types of South American domestic camelids. Livestock Production Science 90, 241–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonini, M, Gonzales, M, Frank, E, Hick, M, Pierdominici, F, Catalano, S, Castrignanò, F 2001. Cuticle cell mean scale frequency in different type of fleece of domestic South American camelids. In Progress in South American camelids research (ed. M Gerken and C Renieri), EAAP no. 105, pp. 110–116. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Baychelier, P 2000. Suri and huacaya: two alleles or two genes? In Proceeding of Australian Alpaca Association. National Confonference Camberra, Australia, pp. 79–85.Google Scholar
Bonavia, D 1996. Los Camelidos Sudamericanos (South American Camelids) Una introducción a su estudio. IFEA-UPCH, Conservation International, Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Burns, M 1949. Study on follicle population in relation to fleece change in lambs of the English Leicester and Romney breeds. The Journal of Agricultural Science 39, 64–79.Google Scholar
Burns, M 1953. Observation on the follicle population of Blackface sheep. The Journal of Agricultural Science 43, 422–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, M 1954a. The development of the fleece and follicle population in Herdwick sheep. The Journal of Agricultural Science 44, 443–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, M 1954b. Observations on the development of the fleece and follicle population in Suffolk sheep. The Journal of Agricultural Science 44, 86–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bustinza Choque, V 1985. Razas de Alpacas del Altiplano: Suri y Wakaya. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Social del Altiplano, Puno, Peru.Google Scholar
Calle Escobar, R 1984. Animal breeding and production of American camelids. Ron Hennig, Patience, Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Carter, HB, Clarke, WH 1957. The hair follicle group and skin follicle population of some non-merino breeds of sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 109–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreyer, JH, Marincowitz, G 1967. Some observations on the skin histology and fibre characteristics of the Angora goat (Capra hircus angoraensisi). South African Journal of Agricultural Science 10, 477–500.Google Scholar
Flores Ochoa, J, Mac Quarry, K 1995. I Camelidi andini (Andean Camelids). In L’oro delle Ande (The gold of Andes) (ed. FO Patthey and Sons), vol. 1, pp. 23–35. Soto Impresor, Madrid, Espana.Google Scholar
Frank, EN 2001. Description y analisis de segregacion de fenotipos de color y tipos de vellon en llamas argentinas. (Segregation analysis and description of colour and fleece types phenotypes in Argentinean llamas). PhD, Buenos Aires University, pp. 151–153.Google Scholar
Frank, EN, Parisi de Fabro, SG, Mendez, T 1989. Determinacion de variables foliculares en cortes de piel de camelidos sudamericanos y su relacion con las caracteristicas de vellon. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal 9, 379–386.Google Scholar
Fraser, AS 1952. Growth of the N-type fleece. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 3, 435–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, AS 1954. Development of the skin follicle population in Merino sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 737–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galbraith, H 2010. Fundamental hair follicle biology and fine fibre production in animals. Animal 4, 1490–1509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henderson, M, Sabine, JR 1991. Secondary follicle development in Australian cashmere goats. Small Ruminant Research 4, 349–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, E, Fowler, ME 1995. The alpaca book: management, medicine, biology, and fiber, 1st edition. Clay Press, Inc., Herald, CA, USA.Google Scholar
International Wood Textiles Organization (IWTO DTM–XX) 1997. Quantitative analysis of blend of wool with speciality fibres by scanning electron microscopy. International Wool Textiles Organization, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
Knott, J 1990. Fine animal fibres and their depigmentation process. EEC Comett Eurotex, Universidad do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal.Google Scholar
Lauvergne, JJ 1994. Characterization of domesticated genetic resources of American camelids: a new approach. In Proceedings of the European Symposium of South American Cemelids (ed. M Gerken and C Renieri), pp. 59–63. University of Camerino Publishing, Camerino, Italy.Google Scholar
Lauvergne, JJ, Martinez, Z, Ayala, C, Rodriguez, T 2001. SUPREME project: identification of a primary population of South American domestic camelids in the provinces of Antonio Quijarro and Enrique Baldivieso (Department of Potosì, Bolivia) using phenotypic variation of coat colour. In Progress in South American camelids research (ed. M Gerken and C Renieri ), EAAP no 105, pp. 64–74. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Lusky, T, Valbonesi, A, Rodriguez, T, Ayala, C, Weimin, L, Antonini, M 2006. Skin follicular structure in Bolivian llamas. In South American camelids research. Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on South American Camelids and DECAMA European Seminar, Vol. 1 (ed. M Gerken and C Renieri), EAAP publication, pp. 207–216. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Lyne, AG 1961. The post natal development of wool follicles, shedding, and skin thickness in inbred Merino and southdown- Merino crossbred sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 141–156.Google Scholar
Martinez, Z, Iniguez, LC, Rodriguez, T 1997. Influence of effects on quality traits and relationships between traits of the llama fleece. Small Ruminant Research 24, 203–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, AJ 1993. A method for determining the activity state of hair follicle. Biotechnology and Histochemistry 60, 316–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, AJ, Gurnsey, MP, Betteridge, K, Mitchell, RJ, Welch, RAS 1991a. Seasonal hair follicle activity and fibre growth in some New Zealand cashmere bearing goats (Capra hirus). Journal of Zoology of London 22a, 589–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, AJ, Saywell, DP, Bown, MD 1991b. Fibre growth cycles and medullation in Angora goats. Proceeding of New Zealand Society of Animal Production 51, 359–364.Google Scholar
Novoa, C, Wilson, T 1992. The management of global animal genetic resources. FAO, Animal Production and Health 104, pp. 189–203, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Phan, KH, Wortmann, FJ, Wortmann, G, Arns, W 1988. Characterization of specialty fibres by scanning electron microscopy. Shriftenz Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut 103, 137–162.Google Scholar
Ponzoni, RW, Hubbard, DJ, Kenyon, RV, Tuckwell, CD, McGregor, BA, Howse, A, Carmichael, I, Judson, GJ 1997. Phenotypes resulting from huacaya by huacaya, suri by huacaya and suri by sury alpaca crossings. In Proceeding of the International Alpaca Industry Seminar. NSW, Sydney, Australia, pp. 11–13.Google Scholar
Quispe, JL, Antonini, M, Rodriguez, T, Martinez, Z 2001. Clasificacion y caracterizacion de fibra de Llamas criadas en el altiplano sur de Bolivia (Classification and characterization of llama fibre raised in the south of Bolivian altiplano) (ed. M Gerken and C Renieri). In Progress in S.A. Camelids Res. EAAP. Pub. No. 105, pp. 286–294.Google Scholar
SAS 1995. SAS user’s guide: statistics, version 6.12. SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
SPSS 2003. SPSS 12.0 “user’s guide”. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Schinckel, PG 1955. The post-natal development of the skin follicle population of a strain of Merino sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 68–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, BF 1955. Development of the secondary follicle population in sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 62–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valbonesi, A, Cristofanelli, S, Pierdominici, F, Gonzales, M, Antonini, M 2010. Comparison of fiber and cuticular attributes of alpaca and llama fleeces. Textile Research Journal 80, 344–353.Google Scholar
Valdivia, C, Jetté, C 1996. “Peasant households in semi-arid San José: confronting risk through diversification strategies.” IBTA 181/Technical Report 49/SR-CRSP 47. La Paz, Bolivia.Google Scholar
Velasco, J 1980. Mejoramiento Genético de Alpacas. Anales III Reunion Cientifica Animal. Sociedad Peruana de Produccion Animal, Lima, Peru.Google Scholar
Wentzel, D, Vosloo, LP 1975. Dimensional changes of follicles and fibres during pre- and postnatal development in the angora goat. Agroanimalia 7, 61–64.Google Scholar
Wortmann, FJ 1991. Quantitative fibre mixture analysis by scanning electron microscopy, part 3: round trial results on mohair/wool blends. Textile Research Journal 61, 371–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wortmann, FJ, Arns, W 1988. Untersuchungen zu den Schuppenkantenhohenverteilungen von wolle und edlend Tierhaaren. Schriftenr Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut Institue 102, 89–97.Google Scholar