Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T18:01:13.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of xylanase on grower pig performance, concentrations of volatile fatty acids and peptide YY in portal and peripheral blood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2018

A. E. Taylor ,
M. R. Bedford  and
H. M. Miller
A. E. Taylor*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
M. R. Bedford
Affiliation:
AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd, 3 Woodstock Court, Marlborough, SM8 4AN, UK
H. M. Miller
Affiliation:
Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in wheat and barley can act as anti-nutrients leading to an increase in digesta viscosity and a reduction in nutrient digestibility. Xylanase, an NSP-degrading enzyme, has been shown to increase nutrient digestibility in pigs. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify the optimum inclusion level of xylanase in grower pig diets by measuring the effect of increasing enzyme levels on growth performance, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and peptide YY concentration in portal and peripheral blood of grower pigs and (2) to increase our understanding of the interrelationships between xylanase inclusion, VFA production and peptide YY secretion. A total of 512 grower pigs ((Large White×Landrace)×MAXGRO) were allocated to pens creating 32 replicates of four pigs per pen per treatment. Pigs were allocated to trial weighing 14.2±0.31 kg and remained on trial until ~41.5±3.31 kg. The experiment was a dose response design with four inclusion levels (0, 8000, 16 000 or 32 000 BXU/kg) of xylanase (Econase XT). Diets were cereal-based wheat, barley mix formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of grower pigs. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. Pen faecal samples were collected to estimate DM, organic matter (OM) and crude fibre (CF) apparent total-tract digestibility. At the end of the trial 16 pigs per treatment were euthanised by schedule 1 procedures. Peripheral and portal blood samples were collected for peptide YY and VFA analysis. The addition of xylanase to the diet had no effect on growth performance, DM, OM or CF total-tract digestibility; however, xylanase tended to have a quadratic effect on ileum pH with higher pH values recorded for pigs fed a diet supplemented with 8000 and 16 000 BXU/kg xylanase (P<0.1). Xylanase had no effect on peptide YY levels or VFA concentration. Total VFA concentration was higher in portal compared with peripheral blood (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of xylanase had no effect on grower pig performance, nutrient digestibility, VFA concentration or peptide YY concentration when fed up to 32 000 BXU/kg over a 35-day period. Pig performance was good for all treatments throughout the trial suggesting that diet quality was sufficient thus there were no beneficial effects of adding xylanase.

Keywords

digestibilityenzymefibregrowth performancenutrition
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 12 , December 2018 , pp. 2499 - 2504
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, JM, Fitzpatrick, ML, Yeats, JC, Darcy, K, Adrian, TE and Bloom, SR 1984. Effects of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y on gastric emptying in man. Digestion 30, 255–262.Google Scholar
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Appropriate methods of humane killing. Retrieved on 12 December 2017 from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1986/14/schedule/1.Google Scholar
Authority EFS 2008. Scientific opinion of the panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed and of the panel on genetically modified organisms on the safety and efficacy of Econase XT P/L as feed additive for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for breeding and piglets (weaned). The EFSA Journal 712, 1–19.Google Scholar
BSAS 2003. Nutrient requirement standards for pigs. British Society of Animal Science, Midlothian, UK.Google Scholar
Cuche, G, Cuber, JC and Malbert, CH 2000. Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, G925–G930.Google Scholar
den Besten, G, van Eunen, K, Groen, AK, Venema, K, Reijngoud, D-J and Bakker, BM 2013. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research 54, 2325–2340.Google Scholar
Goodlad, RA, Lenton, W, Ghatei, MA, Adrian, TE, Bloom, SR and Wright, NA 1987. Effects of an elemental diet, inert bulk and different types of dietary fibre on the response of the intestinal epithelium to refeeding in the rat and relationship to plasma gastrin, enteroglucagon, and PYY concentrations. Gut 28, 171–180.Google Scholar
Grootaert, C, Van den Abbeele, P, Marzorati, M, Broekaert, WF, Courtin, CM, Delcour, JA, Verstraete, W and Van de Wiele, T 2009. Comparison of prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and inulin in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Fems Microbiology Ecology 69, 231–242.Google Scholar
Hooda, S, Matte, JJ, Vasanthan, T and Zijlstra, RT 2010. Dietary oat beta-glucan reduces peak net glucose flux and insulin production and modulates plasma incretin in portal-vein catheterized grower pigs. Journal of Nutrition 140, 1564–1569.Google Scholar
Keenan, MJ, Martin, RJ, Raggio, AM, McCutcheon, KL, Brown, IL, Birkett, A, Newman, SS, Skaf, J, Hegsted, M, Tulley, RT, Blair, E and Zhou, J 2012. A microarray study indicates high-amylose resistant starch increases hormones and improves structure and function of the GI tract. Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics 5, 26–44.Google Scholar
Kim, JC, Simmins, PH, Mullan, BP and Pluske, JR 2005. The digestible energy value of wheat for pigs, with special reference to the post-weaned animal [Review]. Animal Feed Science and Technology 122, 257–287.Google Scholar
Masey O’Neill, HV, Singh, M and Cowieson, AJ 2014a. Effects of exogenous xylanase on performance, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid production and digestive tract thermal profiles of broilers fed on wheat- or maize-based diet. British Poultry Science 55, 351–359.Google Scholar
Masey O’Neill, HV, Smith, JA and Bedford, MR 2014b. Multicarbohydrase enzymes for non-ruminants. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 27, 290–301.Google Scholar
Neyrinck, AM, Van Hee, VF, Piront, N, De Backer, F, Toussaint, O, Cani, PD and Delzenne, NM 2012. Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogenic gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition & Diabetes 2, 1–9.Google Scholar
Nortey, TN, Patience, JF, Simmins, PH, Trottier, NL and Zijlstra, RT 2007. Effects of individual or combined xylanase and phytase supplementation on energy, amino acid, and phosphorus digestibility and growth performance of grower pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun. Journal of Animal Science 85, 1432–1443.Google Scholar
Olukosi, OA, Sands, JS and Adeola, O 2007. Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 85, 1702–1711.Google Scholar
Passos, AA, Park, I, Ferket, P, von Heimendahl, E and Kim, SW 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, viscosity of digesta, and intestinal morphology of growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet. Animal Nutrition 1, 19–23.Google Scholar
Rosen, GD 2006. Holo-analysis. Poultry Science 85, 957–959.Google Scholar
Rosen, GD 2010. Holo-analysis of the efficacy of exogenous enzyme performance in farm animal nutrition. In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition (ed. MR Bedford and G Partridge), pp. 273–303, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Sheng, QK, Yang, LQ, Zhao, HB, Wang, XL and Wang, K 2013. Effects of low level water-soluble pentosans, alkaline-extractable pentosans, and xylanase on the growth and development of broiler chicks. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 1313–1319.Google Scholar
Short, FJ, Gorton, P, Wiseman, J and Boorman, KN 1996. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 59, 215–221.Google Scholar
Singh, A, O’Neill, HVM, Ghosh, TK, Bedford, MR and Haldar, S 2012. Effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, total volatile fatty acids and selected bacterial population in caeca, metabolic indices and peptide YY concentrations in serum of broiler chickens fed energy restricted maize–soybean based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 177, 194–203.Google Scholar
Taylor, AE, Jagger, S, Toplis, P, Wellock, IJ and Miller, HM 2013. Are compensatory live weight gains observed in pigs following lysine restriction during the weaner phase? Livestock Science 157, 200–209.Google Scholar
Woyengo, TA, Sands, JS, Guenter, W and Nyachoti, CM 2008. Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase- and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets. Journal of Animal Science 86, 848–857.Google Scholar
Yin, YL, McEvoy, JDG, Schulze, H, Hennig, U, Souffrant, WB and McCracken, KJ 2000. Apparent digestibility (ileal and overall) of nutrients and endogenous nitrogen losses in growing pigs fed wheat (var. Soissons) or its by-products without or with xylanase supplementation. Livestock Production Science 62, 119–132.Google Scholar