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Effects of short- and long-chain fatty acids on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and other lipogenic genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2013

A. A. A. Jacobs ,
J. Dijkstra ,
J. S. Liesman ,
M. J. VandeHaar ,
A. L. Lock ,
A. M. van Vuuren ,
W. H. Hendriks  and
J. van Baal
A. A. A. Jacobs
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
J. Dijkstra
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
J. S. Liesman
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
M. J. VandeHaar
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
A. L. Lock
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
A. M. van Vuuren
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
W. H. Hendriks
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
J. van Baal*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the bovine mammary gland introduces a cis-double bond at the Δ9 position in a wide range of fatty acids (FA). Several long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) inhibit expression of SCD, but information on the effect of short-chain fatty acids on mammary SCD expression is scarce. We used a bovine mammary cell line (MAC-T) to assess the effect of acetic acid (Ac) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in comparison with the effect of various long-chain fatty acids on the mRNA expression of the lipogenic enzymes SCD, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and their associated gene regulatory proteins sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) by quantitative real-time PCR. MAC-T cells were treated for 12 h without FA additions (CON) or with either 5 mM Ac, 5 mM BHBA, a combination of 5 mM Ac + 5 mM BHBA, 100 μM C16:0, 100 μM C18:0, 100 μM C18:1 cis-9, 100 μM C18:1 trans-11, 100 μM C18:2 cis-9,12 or 100 μM C18:3 cis-9,12,15. Compared with control, mRNA expression of SCD1 was increased by Ac (+61%) and reduced by C18:1 cis-9 (−61%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (−84%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (−88%). In contrast to native bovine mammary gland tissue, MAC-T cells did not express SCD5. Expression of ACACA was increased by Ac (+44%) and reduced by C18:2 cis-9,12 (−48%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (−49%). Compared with control, FASN expression was not significantly affected by the treatments. The mRNA level of SREBF1 was not affected by Ac or BHBA, but was reduced by C18:1 cis-9 (−44%), C18:1 trans-11 (−42%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (−62%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (−68%) compared with control. Expression of INSIG1 was downregulated by C18:0 (−37%), C18:1 cis-9 (−63%), C18:1 trans-11 (−53%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (−81%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (−91%). Both PPARA and PPARD expression were not significantly affected by the treatments. Our results show that Ac upregulated mRNA expression of SCD1 and ACACA in MAC-T cells. The opposite effect of the PUFA C18:2 cis-9,12 and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 on the these genes and the failure of Ac to mimic the PUFA-inhibited SREBF1 and INSIG1 mRNA expression, suggest that Ac can stimulate mammary lipogenesis via a transcriptional regulatory mechanism different from PUFA.

Keywords

mammary glandstearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)lipogenic gene expressionshort-chain fatty acids
Type
Physiology and functional biology of systems
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 9 , September 2013 , pp. 1508 - 1516
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

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