Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T05:07:53.310Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of rumen-protected choline supplementation on milk production and choline supply of periparturient dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2008

P. Elek ,
J. R. Newbold ,
T. Gaal ,
L. Wagner  and
F. Husveth
P. Elek
Affiliation:
AGROKOMPLEX C. S. Co., P.O. Box 1, 8112 Zichyujfalu, Hungary
J. R. Newbold
Affiliation:
Provimi Research and Innovation Centre, Lenneke Marelaan 2, 1932 Brussels, Belgium
T. Gaal
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvan University, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
L. Wagner
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pannonia, Deák F. u. 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
F. Husveth*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pannonia, Deák F. u. 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on body condition, milk production and milk choline content during the periparturient period. Thirty-two Holstein cows were allocated into two groups (RPC group – with RPC supplementation, and control group – without RPC supplementation) 28 days before the expected calving. Cows were fed the experimental diet from 21 days before expected calving until 60 days of lactation. The daily diet of the RPC group contained 100 g of RPC from 21 days before calving until calving and 200 g RPC after calving for 60 days of lactation, which provided 25 g and 50 g per day choline, respectively. Body condition was scored on days −21, 7, 35 and 60 relative to calving. Milk production was measured at every milking; milk fat, protein and choline content were determined on days 7, 35 and 60 of lactation. Body condition was not affected by RPC supplementation. Milk yield was 4.4 kg higher for the group of cows receiving supplementary choline during the 60 days experimental period and 4% fat-corrected milk production was also increased by 2.5 kg/day. Milk fat content was not altered by treatment, but fat yield was increased by 0.10 kg/day as a consequence of higher milk yield in the RPC-treated group. Milk protein content tended to increase by RPC supplementation and a 0.18 kg/day significant improvement of protein yield was detected. Milk choline content increased in both groups after calving as the lactating period advanced. However, milk choline content and choline yield were significantly higher in the RPC group than in the control group. The improved milk choline and choline yield provide evidence that some of the applied RPC escaped ruminal degradation, was absorbed from the small intestine and improved the choline supply of the cows and contributed to the changes of production variables.

Keywords

cholinecowmilk compositionmilk yield
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 11 , November 2008 , pp. 1595 - 1601
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armentano, LE, Bertics, SJ, Ducharme, GA 1997. Response of lactating cows to methionine plus lysine added to high protein diets based on alfalfa and heated soybeans. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1194–1199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1997. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Bauchart D, Duran D, Gruffat D and Chilliard Y 1998. Mechanism of liver steatosis in early lactation cows – effects of hepatoprotector agents. In Proceedings of the Cornel Nutritional Conference, pp. 27–37.Google Scholar
Bell, AW, Sleptis, R, Ehrhardt, RA 1995. Growth and accretion of energy and protein in the gravid uterus during late pregnancy in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1954–1961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bitman, J, Wood, DL 1990. Changes in milk fat phospholipids during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 1208–1216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brüsemeister, F, Südekum, KH 2006. Rumen-protected choline for dairy cows: the in situ evaluation of a commercial source and literature evaluation of effects on performance and interactions between methionine and choline metabolism. Animal Research 55, 93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, RF, Silva Del Río, N, Caraviello, DZ, Bertics, SJ, Ramos, MH, Grummer, RR 2007. Supplemental choline for prevention and alleviation of fatty liver in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 2413–2418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deuchler, KN, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA 1998. Milk choline as an indirect indicator of postruminal choline supply. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 238–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elek, P, Husveth, F 2007. In situ evaluation of the ruminal stability of different choline products. Hungarian Journal of Animal Production 56, 589–595.Google Scholar
Emmanuel, B, Kennelly, JJ 1984. Kinetics of methionine and choline and their incorporation into plasma lipids and milk components in lactating goats. Journal of Dairy Science 67, 1912–1918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erdman, RA, Sharma, BK 1991. Effect of dietary rumen-protected choline in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 1641–1647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J, Lees, M, Sloane-Stanley, GH 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, EJH 1959. Metabolic changes in cattle near the time of parturition. I. Hepatic fat and alkaline-phosphatase activity of liver homogenates. Journal of Comparative Pathology 69, 20–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garnsworthy, PC, Topps, JH 1982. The effect of body condition of dairy cows at calving on their food intake and performance when given complete diets. Animal Production 35, 113–119.Google Scholar
Gerloff, BJ, Herdt, TH, Emery, RS 1986. Relationship of hepatic lipidosis to health and performance in dairy cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 188, 845–850.Google ScholarPubMed
Hartwell, JR, Cecava, MJ, Donkin, SS 2000. Impact of dietary rumen undegradable protein and rumen protected choline on intake, liver triglyceride, plasma metabolites and milk production in transition cows. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2907–2917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helrich, K 1990. Animal feed. In Official methods of analysis (ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists), pp. 69–88, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Hill, AW, Reid, IM, Collins, RA 1985. Influence of liver fat on experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in periparturient cows. The Veterinary Record 117, 549–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janovick Guretzky, NA, Carlson, DB, Garrett, JE, Drackley, JK 2006. Lipid metabolite profiles and milk production for Holstein and Jersey cows fed rumen-protected choline during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 188–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA.Google Scholar
Neill, AR 1979. The low availability of dietary choline for the nutrition of sheep. Biochemical Journal 180, 559–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbold, JR, Bleach, ECL, Aikman, PC, Beever, DE 2005. Secretion of choline in milk is depressed in dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (suppl. 1), 61.Google Scholar
Piepenbrink, MS, Overton, TR 2000. Liver metabolism and production of periparturient dairy cattle fed rumen-protected choline. Journal of Dairy Science 83 (suppl. 1), 257.Google Scholar
Piepenbrink, MS, Overton, TR 2003. Liver metabolism and production of cows fed increasing amounts of rumen-protected choline during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1722–1733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinotti, L, Baldi, A, Dell’Orto, V 2002. Comparative mammalian choline metabolism with emphasis on the high-yielding dairy cow. Nutrition Research Reviews 15, 315–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinotti, L, Baldi, A, Politis, I, Rebucci, R, Sangalli, L, Dell’Orto, V 2003. Rumen-protected choline administration to transition cows: effects on milk production and vitamin E status. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series A 50, 18–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, IM 1982. Fatty liver in dairy cows – incidence, severity, pathology and functional consequences. The Bovine Practitioner 17, 149–150.Google Scholar
Reid, IM, Collins, RA 1980. The pathology of post-parturient fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows. Investigation of Cell Pathology 3, 237–249.Google ScholarPubMed
Reid, RH, Collins, RA, Baird, GD, Roberts, CJ, Simmons, HW 1979. Lipid production rates and the pathogenesis of fatty liver in fasted cows. Journal of Agricultural Science 93, 253–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rulquin, H, Pisulewski, PM, Vérité, R, Guinard, J 1993. Milk production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply: a nutrient-response approach. Livestock Production Science 37, 69–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwab, CG, Bozak, CK, Whitehouse, NL, Mesbah, MMA 1992. Amino acid limitation and flow to the duodenum at four stages of lactation. I. Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 3486–3502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, BK, Erdman, RA 1989. In vitro degradation of choline from selected feedstuffs and choline supplements. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 2772–2776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, TR, Hippen, AR, Beitz, DC, Young, JW 1997. Metabolic characteristics of induced ketosis in normal and obese dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1569–1581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiran A, Brydl E, Könyves L, Jurkovich V and Tegzes L-né 2003. Occurrence of subclinical disorders in large-scale dairy herds in Hungary. In Proceedings of 14th Congress of Hungaryan Buiatrics, pp. 57–61.Google Scholar
Van den Top, AM, Wensing, T, Geelen, MJH, Wenting, GH, Van’t Kloster, AT, Beynen, AC 1995. Time trends of plasma lipids and hepatic triacylglycerol synthesizing enzymes during postpartum fatty liver development in dairy cows with unlimited access to feed during the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 2208–2220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Saun, RJ 1991. Dry cow nutrition: the key to improving fresh cow performance. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 7, 599–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wildman, EE, Jones, GM, Wagner, PE, Boman, RL, Troutt, HF Jr, Lesch, TN 1982. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to standard production characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 495–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woollard, DC, Indyk, HR 2000. Determination of choline in milk and infant formulas by enzymatic analysis: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 83, 131–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zahra, LC, Duffield, TF, Leslie, KE, Overton, TR, Putnam, D, LeBlanc, SJ 2006. Effects of rumen-protected choline and monensin on milk production and metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4808–4818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed