Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T23:06:31.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2016

J. S. Kim ,
S. L. Ingale ,
A. R. Hosseindoust ,
S. H. Lee ,
J. H. Lee  and
B. J. Chae
J. S. Kim
Affiliation:
Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, USA
S. L. Ingale
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
A. R. Hosseindoust
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
S. H. Lee
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
J. H. Lee
Affiliation:
CTC Bio, Inc., Seoul 138-858, Republic of Korea
B. J. Chae*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The exogenous enzymes are less consistent in their effects as their beneficial effects depend upon the types and level non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in the diets. Therefore, exogenous enzymes should be selected on the basis of types and amount of the NSP in the pig diets. The objectives of the present experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary level of mannan and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients, and blood metabolites of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments on the basis of BW. There were four replicates in each treatment with six pigs per replicate. The dietary treatments were a corn–soybean meal (SBM)-based control diet and three other diets consisted of the control diet supplemented with 400, 800 or 1600 U of β-mannanase/kg diet. The final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and blood glucose increased (linear, P<0.05) with increasing concentrations of dietary β-mannanase. The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and β-mannan was higher (linear, P<0.05) with increase in dietary β-mannanase concentrations. In Exp. 2, 288 barrows were allotted to six treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of mannan level (high v. low) and addition of β-mannanase (0, 400 or 800 U/kg diet). There were four replicates in each treatment with 12 pigs/replicate. Pigs were fed corn–SBM-based low-mannan diet (6.1 g/kg) or high-mannan (25.2 g/kg) diet in which corn and SBM were partially replaced with 50 g/kg diet palm kernel meal. All diets were fed in meal form for 42 days. Pigs fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase had greater (P<0.05) final BW, ADG, feed to gain (F : G), the ATTD of DM, GE, and β-mannan and blood glucose concentration compared with pigs fed diets without β-mannanase. In addition, the final BW, ADG, F : G and the ATTD of GE and β-mannan were reduced (P<0.05) in low mannan level. The dietary level of mannan and the β-mannanase supplementation had no effects (P>0.05) on the concentrations of blood total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and blood urea nitrogen. These results indicate that supplementation of β-mannanase to low- or high-mannan diets have potential to improve the performance of growing pigs. In addition, palm kernel meal may partially replace corn and SBM without reducing pig performance if β-mannanase is added to diet.

Keywords

blood metabolitesgrowing pigsperformancemannanβ-mannanase
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , February 2017 , pp. 202 - 208
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adeola, O and Cowieson, AJ 2011. Board-invited review: opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve non-ruminant animal production. Journal of Animal Science 89, 3189–3218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aman, P and Graham, H 1990. Chemical evaluation of polysaccharides in animal feeds. In Feedstuff evaluation (ed. J Wiseman and DJA Cole), pp. 161–177. University Press, Cambridge, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ao, X, Zhou, TX, Meng, QW, Lee, JH, Jang, HD, Cho, JH and Kim, IH 2011. Effects of a carbohydrase cocktail supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and meat quality in finishing pigs fed palm kernel meal. Livestock Science 137, 238–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemist 2007. Official methods of analysis, 18th edition. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Buckeridge, MS, Dietrich, SMC and Lima, DU 2000. Galactomannans as the reserve carbohydrate of legume seeds. In Developments in crop science, vol. 26, (ed. AK Gupta and N Kaur), pp. 283–316. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Centraal Veevoeder Bureau 1998. Veevoedertalel (feeding value of feed ingredients). CVB, Lelystad, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN and Cummings, JH 1984. Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 109, 937–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, ZF, Peng, J, Liu, ZL and Liu, YG 2007. Responses of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed a diet based on corn, soya bean meal, and Chinese double-low rapeseed meal. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 91, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fenton, TW and Fenton, M 1979. An improved method for chromic oxide determination in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 631–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandhi, RR 2001. Effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless-barley-based diets on pig performance and nitrogen excretion in manure. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, 125–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacela, JY, Dritz, SS, DeRouchey, JM, Tokach, MD, Goodband, RD and Nelssen, JL 2010. Effects of supplemental enzymes in diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles on finishing pig growth performance. Professional Animal Scientist 26, 412–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, ME, Anderson, DM, Hsiao, HY, Mathis, GF and Fodge, DW 2003. Beneficial effect of beta-mannanase feed enzyme on performance of chicks challenged with Eimeria sp. and Clostridium perfrinfens. Avian Disease 47, 759–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, F, Casper, DP, Brown, PK, Spangler, DA, Haydon, KD and Pettigrew, JE 2008. Effects of dietary supplementation of an enzyme blend on the ileal and fecal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 86, 1533–1543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jo, JK, Ingale, SL, Kim, JS, Kim, YW, Kim, KH, Lohakare, JD, Lee, H and Chae, BJ 2012. Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to corn-soybean based or complex diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 1795–1804.Google Scholar
Kim, JS, Ingale, SL, Lee, SH, Kim, KH, Kim, JS, Lee, JH and Chae, BJ 2013. Effects of energy levels of diet and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 186, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenehan, NA, Goodband, RD, Tokach, MD, DeRouchey, JM, Nelssen, JL and Dritz, SS 2004. Evaluation of hemicell on growth performance of late nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science 82 (suppl. 2), 62.Google Scholar
Li, Y, Fang, Z, Dai, J, Partridge, G, Ru, Y and Peng, J 2010. Corn extrusion and enzyme addition improves digestibility of corn/soy based diets by pigs: in vitro and in vivo studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 158, 146–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
O’Connell, JM, Sweeney, T, Callan, JJ and O’Doherty, JV 2005. The effect of cereal type and exogenous enzyme supplementation in pig diets on nutrient digestibility, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentration, and manure ammonia emissions from finisher pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 357–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Quinn, PP, Funderburke, DW, Funderburke, CL and James, RL 2002. Influence of dietary supplementation with β-1, 4-mannanase on performance of finishing pigs in a commercial system. Journal of Animal Science 80 (suppl. 2), 65.Google Scholar
Parkkonen, T, Tervila Wilo, A, Hopeakoski-Nurminen, M, Morgan, A, Poutanen, K and Autio, K 1997. Changes in wheat microstructure following in vitro digestion. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 47, 43–47.Google Scholar
Passos, AA, Park, I, Ferket, P, von Heimendahl, E and Kim, SW 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, viscosity of digesta, and intestinal morphology of growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet. Animal Nutrition 1, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettey, LA, Carter, SD, Senne, BW and Shriver, JA 2002. Effects of beta-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1012–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radcliffe, JS, Robbins, BC, Rice, JP, Pleasant, RS and Kornegay, ET 1999. The effects of Hemicell® on digestibilities of minerals, energy, and amino acids in pigs fitted with steered ileocecal cannulas and fed a low and high protein corn-soybean meal diet. Journal of Animal Science 77 (suppl. 1), 197.Google Scholar
Rainbird, AL, Low, AG and Zebrowska, T 1984. Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 489–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rerat, A 1996. Influence of the nature of carbohydrate intake on the absorption chronology of reducing sugars and volatile fatty acids in the pig. Reproduction Nutrition Development 36, 3–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, JD, Carter, SD, Morillo, TB and Park, JS 2003. Effects of ractopamine and β-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81 (suppl. 2), 70.Google Scholar
Seo, J, Kim, W, Kim, J, Kim, JK, Kim, SC, Jang, Y, Jang, K, Kim, K, Kim, B, Park, S and Park, I 2015. Effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28, 987–992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tapingkae, W, Yachai, M, Visessanguan, W, Pongtanya, P and Pongpiachan, P 2008. Influence of crude xylanase from Aspergillus niger FAS128 on the in vitro digestibility and production performance of piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 140, 125–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torki, M and Chegeni, A 2007. Evaluation of dietary replacement of soybean meal by canola meal supplemented by ß-mannanase (Hemicell) on performance of broiler chicks. 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, pp. 637–640.Google Scholar
Veum, TL and Odle, J 2001. Feeding neonatal pigs. In Swine nutrition (ed. AJ Lewis and LL Southern), pp. 671–690. CRC Press, New York, USA.Google Scholar
Vuksan, V, Jenkins, DJ, Spadafora, P, Sievenpiper, JL, Owen, R, Vidgen, E, Brighenti, F, Josse, R, Leiter, LA and Bruce-Thompson, C 1999. Konjac-mannan (glucomannan) improves glycemia and other associated risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 22, 913–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoon, SY, Yang, YX, Shinde, PL, Choi, JY, Kim, JS, Kim, YW, Yun, K, Jo, K, Lee, JH, Ohh, SJ, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2010. Effects of mannanase and distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of grower-finisher pigs. Journal of Animal Science 88, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed