Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T05:36:02.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of dietary faba bean and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on the growth performance and gut physiology of young turkeys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2017

D. Mikulski ,
J. Juskiewicz ,
B. Przybylska-Gornowicz ,
E. Sosnowska ,
B. A. Slominski ,
J. Jankowski  and
Z. Zdunczyk
D. Mikulski
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
J. Juskiewicz
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
B. Przybylska-Gornowicz
Affiliation:
Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-713 Olsztyn, Poland
E. Sosnowska
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
B. A. Slominski
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CanadaR3T 2N2
J. Jankowski
Affiliation:
Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
Z. Zdunczyk*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of soya bean meal (SBM) with faba bean (FB) and a blend of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzymes on the gastrointestinal function, growth performance and welfare of young turkeys (1 to 56 days of age). An experiment with a 2×2 factorial design was performed to compare the efficacy of four diets: a SBM-based diet and a diet containing FB, with and without enzyme supplementation (C, FB, CE and FBE, respectively). In comparison with groups C, higher dry matter content and lower viscosity of the small intestinal digesta were noted in groups FB. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the small intestinal digesta was higher in groups FB, but SCFA concentrations in the caecal digesta were comparable in groups C and FB. In comparison with control groups, similar BW gains, higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), higher dry matter content of excreta and milder symptoms of footpad dermatitis (FPD) were noted in groups FB. Enzyme supplementation increased the concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs, but it did not increase the SCFA pool in the caecal digesta. The enzymatic preparation significantly improved FCR, reduced excreta hydration and the severity of FPD in turkeys. It can be concluded that in comparison with the SBM-based diet, the diet containing 30% of FB enables to achieve comparable BW gains accompanied by lower feed efficiency during the first 8 weeks of rearing. Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes can be used to improve the nutritional value of diets for young turkeys, but more desirable results of enzyme supplementation were noted in the SBM-based diet than in the FB-based diet.

Keywords

FB mealgut physiologycaecal fermentationenzyme supplementationturkey
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 12 , December 2017 , pp. 2147 - 2155
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdulla, J, Rose, SP, Mackenzie, AM, Mirza, W and Pirgozliev, V 2016. Exogenous tannase improves feeding value of a diet containing field beans (Vicia faba) when fed to broilers. British Poultry Science 57, 246–250.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2005. Official methods of analysis, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bedford, MR 1995. Mechanism of action and potential environmental benefits from the use of feed enzymes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 53, 145–155.Google Scholar
Broadhurst, RB and Jones, TW 1978. Analysis of condensed tannins using acidified vanillin. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29, 788–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choct, M, Dersjant-Li, Y, McLeish, J and Peisker, M 2010. Soy oligosaccharides and soluble non-starch polysaccharides: a review of digestion, nutritive and anti-nutritive effects in pigs and poultry. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 23, 1386–1398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crittenden, R, Laitila, A, Forssell, P, Mȁttȍ, J, Saarela, M, Mattila-Sandholm, T and Myllȁrinen, P 2001. Adhesion of bifidobacteria to granular starch and its implications in probiotic technologies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 3469–3475.Google Scholar
Douglas, JH, Sullivan, TW, Gonzalez, NJ and Beck, MM 1993. Differential age response of turkeys to protein and sorghum tannin levels. Poultry Science 72, 1944–1951.Google Scholar
Eichner, G, Vieira, SL, Torres, CA, Coneglian, JLB, Freitas, DM and Oyarzabal, OA 2007. Litter moisture and footpad dermatitis as affected by diets formulated on an all-vegetable basis or having the inclusion of poultry by-product. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16, 344–350.Google Scholar
Hejdysz, M, Kaczmarek, SA and Rutkowski, A 2016. Extrusion cooking improves the matabolisable energy of faba beans and the amino acid digestibility in broiler. Animal Feed Science and Technology 212, 100–111.Google Scholar
Helsper, JPFG, van Loon, YPJ, Kwakkel, RP, van Norel, A and van der Poel, AFB 1996. Growth of broiler chicks fed diets containing tannin-free and tannin-containing near-isogenic lines of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44, 1070–1075.Google Scholar
Hughes, RJ, Gross, GM and Hargreave, G 2004. Feed enzymes improve the nutritive value of faba beans. Retrieved on 7 April 2016 from http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/apss/documents/2004/APSS2004-hughes-p88.pdf.Google Scholar
Hybrid Turkeys 2014a. Commercial performance goals. Retrieved on 5 May 2016 from http://www.hybridturkeys.com/en/hybrid-performance-goals/commercial-body-weight-performance-goals/.Google Scholar
Hybrid Turkeys 2014b. Management and nutrient guidelines. Retrieved on 6 March 2017 from http://www.hybridturkeys.com.Google Scholar
Jankowski, J, Zduńczyk, Z, Mikulski, D, Przybylska-Gornowicz, B, Sosnowska, E and Juśkiewicz, J 2013. Effect of whole wheat feeding on gastrointestinal tract development and performance of growing turkeys. Animal Feed Science and Technology 185, 150–159.Google Scholar
Jezierny, D, Mosenthin, R and Bauer, E 2010. The use of grain legumes as a protein source in pig nutrition: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 157, 111–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Józefiak, D, Rutkowski, A, Jensen, B and Engberg, R 2007. Effects of dietary inclusion of triticale, rye and wheat and xylanase supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. Animal Feed Science and Technology 132, 79–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krautwald-Junghanns, ME, Ellerich, R, Mitterer-Istyagin, H, Ludewig, M, Fehlhaber, K, Schuster, E, Berk, J, Petermann, S and Bartels, T 2011. Examinations on the prevalence of footpad lesions and breast skin lesions in British United Turkeys Big 6 fattening turkeys in Germany. Part I: prevalence of footpad lesions. Poultry Science 90, 555–560.Google Scholar
Księżak, J and Bojarszczuk, J 2014. Evaluation of the variation of the content of antinutrients and nutrients in the seeds of legumes. Biotechnology and Animal Nutrition 30, 153–166.Google Scholar
Longstaff, M and McNab, JM 1991. The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Becker, K, Abel, HJ and Pawelzik, E 1997. Nutrient contents, rumen protein degradability and anti-nutritional factors in some colour- and white-flowering cultivars of Vicia faba beans. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 75, 511–520.Google Scholar
Mayne, RK, Else, RW and Hocking, PM 2007. High litter moisture alone is sufficient to cause foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys. British Poultry Science 48, 538–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meng, X, Slominski, BA, Nyachoti, M, Campbell, LD and Guenter, W 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science 84, 37–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nalle, CL, Ravindran, V and Ravindran, G 2010. Nutritional value of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) for broilers: apparent metabolisable energy, ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology 156, 104–111.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Onrust, L, Ducatelle, R, Van Driessche, K, De Maesschalck, C, Vermeulen, K, Haesebrouck, F, Eeckhaut, V and Van Immerseel, F 2015. Steering endogenous butyrate production in the intestinal tract of broilers as a tool to improve gut health. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2, 75.Google Scholar
Rebole, A, Ortiz, LT, Rodriguez, ML, Alzueta, C, Trevino, J and Velasco, S 2010. Effects of inulin and enzyme complex, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal microflora, cecal fermentation characteristics, and jejunal histomorphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat- and barley-based diet. Poultry Science 89, 276–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, SSP and Smithard, RR 2002. Effect of enzyme supplementation of a rye-based diet on xylanase activity in the small intestine of broilers, on intestinal crypt proliferation and nutrient digestibility and growth performance of the birds. British Poultry Science 3, 274–282.Google Scholar
Slominski, BA, Guenter, W and Campbell, LD 1993. New approach to water-soluble carbohydrate determination as a tool for evaluation of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, 2304–2308.Google Scholar
Smeets, N, Nuyen, F, Van Campenhout, L and Niewold, T 2014. Variability in the in vitro degradation of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat by feed enzymes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 187, 110–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smulikowska, S and Rutkowski, A (Eds.) 2005. Recommended allowances and nutritive value of feedstuffs – poultry feeding standards, 5th edition. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, PAS, Jablonna, Poland. (in Polish).Google Scholar
StatSoft Inc 2011. Statistica (data analysis software system), Version 10. Retrieved on 5 February 2016 from http://www.statsoft.com.Google Scholar
Surai, PF 2014. Polyphenol compounds in the chicken/animal diet: from the past to the future. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98, 19–31.Google Scholar
Usayran, NN, Shaar, H, Barbour, GW, Yau, SK, Maalouf, F and Farran, MT 2014. Nutritional value, performance, carcass quality, visceral organ size, and blood clinical chemistry of broiler chicks fed 30% tannin-free fava bean diets. Poultry Science 93, 2018–2027.Google Scholar
Zduńczyk, Z, Jankowski, J, Kaczmarek, S and Juśkiewicz, J 2015. Determinants and effects of postileal fermentation in broilers and turkeys part 2: cereal fibre and SBM substitutes. World’s Poultry Science Journal 71, 49–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar