Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T23:45:37.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dietary fat source affects metabolism of fatty acids in pigs as evaluated by altered expression of lipogenic genes in liver and adipose tissues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2009

P. Duran-Montgé
Affiliation:
CENTA, IRTA Building A – Finca Camps i Armet E-17121 Monells (Girona), Spain
P. K. Theil
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
C. Lauridsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare, and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
E. Esteve-Garcia*
Affiliation:
IRTA, Mas de Bover, Ctra. de Reus-El Morell km. 3, 8 E-43120 Constantí (Tarragona), Spain
Get access

Abstract

Little is known about pig gene expressions related to dietary fatty acids (FAs) and most work have been conducted in rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary fats regulate fat metabolism of pigs in different tissues. Fifty-six crossbred gilts (62 ± 5.2 kg BW) were fed one of seven dietary treatments (eight animals per treatment): a semi-synthetic diet containing a very low level of fat (no fat (NF)) and six fat-supplemented diets (ca. 10%) based on barley and soybean meal. The supplemental fat sources were tallow (T), high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSF), sunflower oil (SFO), linseed oil (LO), blend (FB) (55% T, 35% SFO and 10% LO) and fish oil (FO) blend (40% FO and 60% LO). Pigs were slaughtered at 100 kg BW and autopsies from liver, adipose tissue and muscle semimembranousus were collected for qPCR. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) abundances of genes related to lipogenesis were modified due to dietary treatments in both liver (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD)) and adipose tissue (fatty acid synthase (FASN), ACACA and SCD), but were not affected in semimembranousus muscle. In the liver, the mRNA abundances of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes were highest in pigs fed HOSF and lowest in pigs fed FO. In adipose tissue, the mRNA abundances were highest in pigs fed the NF diet and lowest in pigs fed T. The study demonstrated that dietary FAs stimulate lipogenic enzyme gene expression differently in liver, fat and muscles tissues.

Type
Full Paper
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allee, GL, Baker, DH, Leveille, GA 1971. Influence of level of dietary fat on adipose tissue lipogenesis and enzymatic activity in pig. Journal of Animal Science 33, 12481254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990. Official methods of analysis. AOAC, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2000. Official methods of analysis. AOAC, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Azain, MJ 2004. Role of fatty acids in adipocyte growth and development. Journal of Animal Science 82, 916924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergen, WG, Mersmann, HJ 2005. Comparative aspects of lipid metabolism: impact on contemporary research and use of animal models. The Journal of Nutrition 135, 24992502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blake, WL, Clarke, SD 1990. Suppression of rat hepatic fatty-acid synthase and S-14 gene-transcription by dietary polyunsaturated fat. The Journal of Nutrition 120, 17271729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bortz, W, Abraham, S, Chaikoff, IL 1963. Localization of block in lipogenesis resulting from feeding fat. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 238, 12661272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, MS, Goldstein, JL 1997. The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor. Cell 89, 331340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y 1993. Dietary-fat and adipose-tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs, and rodents – a review. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 38973931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ding, ST, Lapillone, A, Heird, WC, Mersmann, HJ 2003. Dietary fat has effects on fatty acid metabolism transcript concentrations in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 423431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duran-Montgé, P, Lizardo, R, Torrallardona, D, Esteve-Garcia, E 2007. Fat and fatty acid digestibility of different fat sources in growing pigs. Livestock Science 109, 6669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, RA 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M, Stanley, GHS 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freire, JPB, Mourot, J, Cunha, LF, Almeida, JAA, Aumaitre, A 1998. Effect of the source of dietary fat on postweaning lipogenesis in lean and fat pigs. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 42, 9095.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, JM, Wang, PH, Liu, BH, Ding, ST 2004. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of porcine lipid metabolism-related genes. Journal of Animal Science 82, 683689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iritani, N, Komiya, M, Fukuda, H, Sugimoto, T 1998. Lipogenic enzyme gene expression is quickly suppressed in rats by a small amount of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Journal of Nutrition 128, 967972.Google Scholar
Jump, DB 2002. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and regulation of gene transcription. Current Opinion in Lipidology 13, 155164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jump, DB, Botolin, D, Wang, Y, Xu, JH, Christian, B, Demeure, O 2005. Fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription. The Journal of Nutrition 135, 25032506.Google Scholar
Kersten, S, Seydoux, J, Peters, JM, Gonzalez, FJ, Desvergne, B, Wrahli, W 1999. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates the adaptive response to fasting. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 103, 14891498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, JB, Spiegelman, BM 1996. ADD1/SREBP-1 promotes adipocyte differentiation and gene expression linked to fatty acid metabolism. Genes and Development 10, 10961107.Google Scholar
Kouba, M, Mourot, J 1998. Effect of a high linoleic acid diet on delta 9-desaturase activity, lipogenesis and lipid composition of pig subcutaneous adipose tissue. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 38, 3137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouba, M, Bonneau, M, Noblet, RC 1999. Relative development of subcutaneous, intermuscular, and kidney fat in growing pigs with different body compositions. Journal of Animal Science 77, 622629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, SST, Pineau, T, Drago, J, Lee, EJ, Owens, JW, Kroetz, DL, Fernandez Salguero, PM, Westphal, H, Gonzalez, FJ 1995. Targeted disruption of the alpha-isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 30123022.Google Scholar
Leone, TC, Weinheimer, CJ, Kelly, DP 1999. A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in the cellular fasting response: the PPAR alpha-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, 74737478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littell, RC, Milliken, GA, Stroup, WW, Wolfinger, RD 1996. SAS System for Mixed Models. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Liu, BH, Kuo, CF, Wang, BH, Ding, ST 2005a. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 in differentiating porcine adipocytes. Journal of Animal Science 83, 15161525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, BH, Wang, YC, Kuo, CF, Cheng, WM, Shen, TF, Ding, ST 2005b. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid oil and soybean oil on the expression of lipid metabolism related mRNA in pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 18, 14511456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lochsen, T, Ormstad, H, Braud, H, Brodal, B, Christiansen, EN, Osmundsen, H 1997. Effects of fish oil and n-3 fatty acids on the regulation of delta(9)-fatty acid desaturase mRNA activity in rat liver. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 8, 408413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mater, MK, Thelen, AP, Pan, DA, Jump, DB 1999. Sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) is involved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid suppression of hepatic S14 gene transcription. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 3272532732.Google Scholar
Mersmann, HJ, Pond, WG, Yen, JT 1984. Use of carbohydrate and fat as energy source by obese and lean swine. Journal of Animal Science 58, 894902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, WR, Smith, LM 1964. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride–methanol. Journal of Lipid Research 5, 600608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (NRC) 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
O’Hea, EK, Leveille, GA 1969. Significance of adipose tissue and liver as sites of fatty acid synthesis in pig and efficiency of utilization of various substrates for lipogenesis. The Journal of Nutrition 99, 338344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pegorier, JP, Le May, C, Girard, J 2004. Control of gene expression by fatty acids. The Journal of Nutrition 134, 2444S2449S.Google Scholar
Pfaffl, MW 2001. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Research 29, 20022007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanz, M, Lopez-Bote, CJ, Menoyo, D, Bautista, JM 2000. Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and beta-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. The Journal of Nutrition 130, 30343037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, DR, Knabe, DA, Smith, TB 1996. Depression of lipogenesis in swine adipose tissue by specific dietary fatty acids. Journal of Animal Science 74, 975983.Google Scholar
Tang, C, Cho, HP, Nakamura, MT, Clarke, SD 2003. Regulation of human delta-6 desaturase gene transcription: identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element. Journal of Lipid Research 44, 686695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theil, PK, Lauridsen, C 2007. Interactions between dietary fatty acids and hepatic gene expression in livers of pigs during the weaning period. Livestock Science 108, 2629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterman, RA, Romsos, DR, Tsai, AC, Miller, ER, Leveille, GA 1975. Influence of dietary sunflower oil and tallow on growth, plasma-lipids and lipogenesis in rats, pigs and chicks. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 150, 347351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, MD, Hays, RD, Clarke, SD 1986. Inhibition of liver lipogenesis by dietary polyunsaturated fat in severely diabetic rats. The Journal of Nutrition 116, 15111518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, J, Nakamura, MT, Cho, HP, Clarke, SD 1999. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 expression is suppressed by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids – a mechanism for the coordinate suppression of lipogenic genes by polyunsaturated fats. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 2357723583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, J, Cho, H, O’Malley, S, Park, JHY, Clarke, SD 2002. Dietary polyunsaturated fats regulate rat liver sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 and -2 in three distinct stages and by different mechanisms. The Journal of Nutrition 132, 33333339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yahagi, N, Shimano, H, Hasty, AH, Amemiya-Kudo, M, Okazaki, H, Tamura, Y, Iizuka, Y, Shiomoiri, F, Ohashi, K, Osuga, J-i, Harada, K, Gotoda, T, Nagai, R, Ishibashi, S, Yamada, N 1999. A crucial role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in the regulation of lipogenic gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 3584035844.Google Scholar