Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:13:44.595Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

β-Casomorphin increases fat deposition in broiler chickens by modulating expression of lipid metabolism genes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2018

W. H. Chang Open the ORCID record for W. H. Chang [Opens in a new window] ,
A. J. Zheng ,
Z. M. Chen ,
S. Zhang ,
H. Y. Cai  and
G. H. Liu
W. H. Chang
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
A. J. Zheng
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
Z. M. Chen
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
S. Zhang
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
H. Y. Cai
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
G. H. Liu*
Affiliation:
The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun Nandajie 12, Beijing, China
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

β-Casomorphin is an opioid-like bioactive peptide derived from β-casein of milk that plays a crucial role in modulating animal’s feed intake, growth, nutrient utilization and immunity. However, the effect of β-casomorphin on lipid metabolism in chickens and its mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of β-casomorphin on fat deposition in broiler chickens and explore its mechanism of action. A total of 120 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers (747.94±8.85 g) was chosen and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates of five birds per replicate. Three groups of broilers were injected with 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg BW of β-casomorphin in 1 ml saline for 7 days, whereas the control group received 1 ml saline only. The results showed that subcutaneous administration of β-casomorphin to broiler chickens increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake and fat deposition, and decreased feed : gain ratio (P<0.05). The activity of malate dehydrogenase in the pectoral muscle, liver and abdominal adipose tissue was also increased along with the concentrations of insulin, very-low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride in the plasma (P<0.05). The activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue and the concentration of glucagon in the plasma were decreased by injection with β-casomorphin (P<0.05). Affymetrix gene chip analysis revealed that administering 1.0 mg/kg BW β-casomorphin caused differential expression of 168 genes in the liver with a minimum of fourfold difference. Of those, 37 genes are directly involved in lipid metabolism with 18 up-regulated genes such as very low density lipoprotein receptor gene and fatty acid synthase gene, and 19 down-regulated genes such as lipoprotein lipase gene and low density lipoprotein receptor gene. In conclusion, β-casomorphin increased growth performance and fat deposition of broilers. Regulation of fat deposition by β-casomorphin appears to take place through changes in hormone secretion and enzyme activities by controlling the gene expression of lipid metabolism and feed intake, increasing fat synthesis and deposition.

Keywords

bioactive peptidegrowth performancehormone secretionfat synthesisgene chip
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , April 2019 , pp. 777 - 783
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brockman, RP 1978. Roles of glucagon and insulin in the regulation of metabolism in ruminants. A review. Canadian Veterinary Journal 19, 55–62.Google Scholar
Carlson, MG, Snead, WL and Campbell, PJ 1993. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism by glucagon. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 77, 11–15.Google Scholar
Daniel, H, Vohwinkel, M and Rehner, G 1990. Effect of casein and beta-casomorphins on gastrointestinal motility in rats. Journal of Nutrition 120, 252–257.Google Scholar
Dong, XY and Tang, SQ 2010. Insulin-induced gene: a new regulator in lipid metabolism. Peptides 31, 2145–2150.Google Scholar
Douaire, M, LeFur, N, Khadir-Mounier, C, Langlois, P, Flamant, F and Mallard, J 1992. Identifying genes involved in variability of genetic fatness in the growing chicken. Poultry Science 71, 1911–1920.Google Scholar
Exton, JH, Robison, GA and Park, CR 1972. Glucagon and cyclic AMP. In Handbook of physiology: Section 7. Endocrinology (ed. R Pictet, WJ Rutter and SR Geige), pp. 425–436. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Frykman, PK, Brown, MS, Yamamoto, T, Goldstein, JL and Herz, J 1995. Normal plasma lipoproteins and fertility in gene targeted mice homozygous for a disruption in the gene encoding very low density lipoprotein receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 8453–8457.Google Scholar
Gerbens, F, Verburg, FJ, Van Moerkerk, HT, Engel, B, Buist, W, Veerkamp, JH and Pas, MF 2001. Associations of heart and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein gene expression with intramuscular fat content in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 79, 347–354.Google Scholar
Gerich, JE, Lorenzi, M, Bier, DM, Tsalikian, E, Schneider, V, Karam, JH and Forsham, PH 1976. Effects of physiologic levels of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies involving administration of exogenous hormone during suppression of endogenous hormone secretion with somatostatin. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 57, 875–884.Google Scholar
Gu, F, Zhou, Y, Yang, H, Wei, C, Tang, YG, Li, XQ and Qin, YD 2013. Protective effect of β-casomorphin on alcohol-induced liver injury. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin 29, 397–400.Google Scholar
Hermier, D, Forgez, P, Williams, J and Chapman, MJ 1989. Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins associated with estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia in the laying hen. European Journal of Biochemistry 184, 109–118.Google Scholar
Huang, DW, Sherman, BT and Lempicki, RA 2009. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nature Protocols 4, 44–57.Google Scholar
Kalogeris, TJ and Rodrignez, MD 1997. Control of synthesis and secretion of intestinal apolipoprotein A-IV by lipid. Journal of Nutrition 127, 537–543.Google Scholar
Kil, SJ and Froetschel, MA 1994. Involvement of opioid peptides from casein on reticular motility and digest a passage in steers. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 111–123.Google Scholar
Lewis, GF and Steiner, G 1996. Acute effects of insulin in the control of VLDL production in humans. Implications for the insulin resistant state. Diabetes Care 19, 390–393.Google Scholar
Lien, TF and Horng, YM 2001. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcass traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid β-oxidation of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 42, 92–95.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agricultural of the People’s Republic of China 2004. NY/T 33–2004: feeding standard of chicken. China Agricultural Press, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agricultural of the People’s Republic of China 2010. NY-T 1944–2010: determination of calcium in feed. China Agricultural Press, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Minoru, US, Makoto, K and Masanori, W 2001. Effects of β-CM on neuronal survival in culture of embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion neurons. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 86, 363–365.Google Scholar
Minoru, US, Makoto, K and Masanori, W 2003. Effects of β-CM on passive avoidance response in mice. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 67, 2501–2504.Google Scholar
Nishi, S, Seino, Y, Kitano, N, Kitano, N, Seno, M, Tsuji, K, Kurose, T, Taminato, T, Tsuda, K, Yanaihara, C, Yanaihara, N and Imura, H 1987. Effects of naloxone on basal and vagus nerve-induced secretions of GRP, gastrin, and somatostatin from the isolated perfused rat stomach. Life Science 41, 1787–1793.Google Scholar
Qin, YD, XU, CZ, Luo, X, Fang, M, Dong, QZ and Wang, Y 2004. Effect of β-casomorphin-7 on growth, growth-related hormone and GHR mRNA expression in rats. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica 02, 112–116.Google Scholar
Rogdakis, E 1974. Activity of NADP-producing enzymes in porcine adipose tissue. 1. Biopsy technic and enzyme tests as well as enzymatic differences between various anatomical locations of adipose tissue. Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkde 33, 329–338.Google Scholar
Sato, T, Liang, K and Vaziri, ND 2002. Down-regulation of lipoprotein lipase and VLDL receptor in rats with focal glomerulosclerosis. Kidney International 61, 157–162.Google Scholar
Schnittler, M, Liebmann, C, Schrader, U, Schulze, HP, Neubert, K and Repke, H 1990. [3H] naloxone as an opioid receptor label: analysis of binding site heterogeneity and use for determination of opioid affinities of casomorphin analogues. Biomedica Biochimica Acta 49, 209–218.Google Scholar
Shimomura, I, Matsuda, M, Hammer, RE, Bashmakov, Y, Brown, MS and Goldstein, JL 2000. Decreased IRS-2 and increased SREBP-1c lead to mixed insulin resistance and sensitivity in livers of lipodystrophic and ob/ob mice. Molecular Cell 6, 77–86.Google Scholar
Shu, MY, Xu, GH, Wu, YC, Jiao, CH, Qi, DS, Peng, J and Zhang, XY 2009. Effects of milk-origin bioactive peptides on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × O. niloticus). Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition 21, 219–225.Google Scholar
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China 2000. GB/T 18246-2000: determination of amino acid in feed. Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China 2002. GB/T 6437-2002: determination of phosphorus in feed – spectphotometry. Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China 2009. GB/T 24318-2009: determination of total nitrogen content in animal feeding stuffs by combustion according to the Dumas principle and calculation of the crude protein content. Standards Press of China, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Thonney, ML, Arnold, AM and Ross, DA 1991. Energetic efficiency of rats fed low or high protein diets and grown at controlled rates from 80 to 205 grams. Journal of Nutrition 121, 1397–1406.Google Scholar
Uysal, KT, Scheja, L, Wiesbrock, SM, Bonner-Weir, S and Hotamisligil, GS 2000. Improved glucose and lipid metabolism in genetically obese mice lacking aP2. Endocrinology 141, 3388–3396.Google Scholar
Whitehead, CC and Griffin, HD 1984. Development of divergent lines of lean and fat broilers using plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration as selection criterion: the first three generations. British Poultry Science 25, 573–582.Google Scholar
Xu, R 1998. Bioactive peptides in mild and their biological and health implications. Food Reviews International 14, 1–16.Google Scholar
Zhang, W, Miao, J, Wang, S and Zhang, Y 2013. The protective effects of beta-casomorphin-7 against glucose-induced renal oxidative stress in vivo and vitro. PLoS One 8, e63472.Google Scholar