Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T22:02:43.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Caecal fermentation characteristics, blood composition and growth of rabbits on substitution of soya-bean meal by unconventional high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as protein supplement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2008

M. K. Tripathi ,
A. S. Mishra ,
D. Mondal ,
A. K. Misra ,
R. Prasad  and
R. C. Jakhmola
M. K. Tripathi*
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
A. S. Mishra
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
D. Mondal
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Health, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
A. K. Misra
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
R. Prasad
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
R. C. Jakhmola
Affiliation:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar 304 501, Rajasthan, India
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Effect of graded levels of high-glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal as substitute of soya-bean meal (SBM) in broiler rabbit diets was studied. Forty weaning rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla and White Giant breed were randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets containing mustard meal (MM) 0, 80, 160 and 245 g/kg. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. MM had 54.8 mg total glucosinolates (TGLSs) per g dry matter (DM). Diets had TGLS 3.8, 8.4 and 11.98 mg/g DM in 80, 160 and 245 g MM diets, respectively. MM-incorporated diets had higher digestible and linearly (P < 0.01) higher metabolisable energy (ME) content. However, the effect on total tract apparent digestibility of DM, and crude protein was quadratic. Average daily gain (ADG) reduced (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing MM levels in diet, still 80 and 160 g MM diets had similar ADG compared to that of SBM diet. Caecum weight reduced linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing MM levels in diet. The pH of caecal content ranged between 5.85 and 6.19, total N between 1.19 and 1.48 (g per 100 g) and total volatile fatty acids between 4.7 and 5.8 mmol per 100 g, and they were not statistically different. NH3-N ranged between 31.2 and 39.0 mg per 100 ml, and reduced linearly (P < 0.05) while trichloroacetic acid-precipitable nitrogen increased linearly (P < 0.01, ranged between 114 and 247 mg per 100 ml) with increasing MM levels in diet. Blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume and lymphocytes were higher (quadratic effects, P < 0.05) on 245 MM diet, whereas white blood cell count reduced linearly (P < 0.01). Serum aspartate aminotransferase increased linearly (P < 0.01) while alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, protein, erythrocytes sedimentation rate and red blood cell counts were not affected by MM. Serum Cu, Na and K content increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing MM levels. Liver Cu concentration showed quadratic (P < 0.05) increase. Rabbits tolerated 8.4 mg TGLS per g diet (160 g MM per kg) during active growth without any apparent effect on health and growth. It is concluded that MM can replace up to 66% SBM protein in rabbit feeding, whereas complete replacement of SBM with MM reduced feed intake and ADG by 23% and 13%, respectively. Further studies are required to confirm these inclusion levels and glucosinolate tolerance of rabbits.

Keywords

carcass compositionglucosinolategrowing rabbitmustard mealperformance
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , February 2008 , pp. 207 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboul-Ela S, Abdel-Rahman GA, Ali FA, Khamis HS and Abd El-Galil KH 1996. Practical recommendations on minimum and maximum fiber levels in rabbit diets. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 67–72. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
Al-Bar AM and Al-Aghbari AM 1996. Influence of deodorase in combination with different levels of protein on rabbits feed intake, body weight, and utilization of urea. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 79–84. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th edition. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Aumaitre, A, Bourdon, D, Peiniau, JFreire, JB 1989. effect of graded levels of raw and processed rapeseed on feed digestibility and nutrient utilization in young pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 24, 275–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, AJGReid, RL 1957. Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen. I. The volatile fatty acid production of fresh grass. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 48, 315–321.Google Scholar
Barrett, JE, Klopfenstein, CFLeipold, HW 1997. Detoxification of rapeseed meal by extrusion with an added basic salt. Cereal Chemistry 74, 168–170.Google Scholar
Bell, JM 1984. Nutrients and toxicants in rapeseed meal. A review. Journal of Animal Science 58, 996–1010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennegadi, N, Gidenne, TLicois, D 2001. Impact of fibre deficiency and sanitary status on non-specific enteropathy of growing rabbits. Animal Research 50, 401–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatt, RSSharma, SR 2001. Nutrient utilisation and growth performance of broiler rabbits fed oat plant meal and tall fescue hay. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 14, 1228–1232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bielanski P, Niedzwieadek S, Zajac J and Cholewa R 1996. Parameters of fattening and slaughter performance of rabbit fed on mixtures containing untreated and treated straw. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 101–105. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
Bjerg, B, Eggum, BO, Jacobsen, I, Otte, JSorensen, H 1989. Anti-nutritional and toxic effects in rats of individual glucosinolates (± myrosinase) added to a standard diet. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 61, 227–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blas, E, Cervera, CFernandez, CJ 1994. Effect of two diets with varied starch and fiber levels on the performance of 4–7 week-old rabbits. World Rabbit Science 2, 117–121.Google Scholar
Bolis S, Castrovilli C, Rogoni M, Tedesco D and Luzi E 1996. Effect of enzyme addition in diet on protein and energy utilization in Rabbit. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 111–115. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
Bourdon, D, Perez, JMBaudet, JJ 1981. Utilisation de nouveaux types de tourteaux de colza par le porc en croissance finition. Influence des glucosinolates et du depelliculage. Revue de l’Alimentation Animale 343, 27–38.Google Scholar
Butcher, C, Bryant, MJOwens, E 1983. The effect of dietary metabolisable energy concentration upon the pre- and post-weaning performance of growing rabbits. Animal Production 36, 229–239.Google Scholar
Carabaño, R, Motta-Ferreira, W, De Blas, JCFraga, MJ 1997. Substitution of sugar beet pulp for alfalfa hay in diet for growing rabbits. Animal Feed Science and Technology 65, 249–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, JS, Jha, SK, Yadav, SK, Kumar, PR, Shukla, AKSingh, YP 1999. Quality rapeseed-mustard varieties in India. A perspective. Technical bulletin no. 9. National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India.Google Scholar
Conway, EJ 1962. Micro diffusion analysis and volumetric error, 5th edition.Lockwood and Sons Ltd, London, UK.Google Scholar
De Blas, JC, Faga, MJ, Rodriguez, JMMendez, J 1984. The nutritive value of feed in growing fattening rabbits. 2. Protein evaluation. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research 7, 97–100.Google Scholar
De Blas JC, Taboada E, Nicodemus N, Campos R and Mendez J 1996. The response of highly reproductive rabbits to dietary threonine content for reproduction and growth. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 139–143. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
De Blas, JC, Garcia, JCarabaño, R 1999. Role of fiber in rabbit diets: a review. Annals of Zootechnology 48, 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, AJ 1991. Glucosinolates. InToxic substances in crop plants (ed. J D’Mello and C Duffus). Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
Duncan, AJMilne, JA 1990. The effect of ruminal metabolites of Brassica-derived glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) on voluntary intake and metabolism of sheep. Animal Production 50, 554A (abstract).Google Scholar
Fenwick, GRCurtis, RF 1980. Rapeseed meal and its use in poultry diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 5, 255–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, J, Villamide, MJDe Blas, JC 1996. Energy protein and fiber digestibility of sunflower hull. Olive leaves and NaOH treated barley straw for rabbits. World Rabbit Science 4, 205–209.Google Scholar
Gidenne, T 1997. Caeco-colic digestion in the growing rabbit: impact of nutritional factors and related disturbances. Livestock Production Science 51, 73–88.Google Scholar
Gidenne, T, Jehl, N, Segura, MMichalet-Doreau, M 2002. Microbial activity in the caecum of the rabbit around weaning: impact of a dietary fiber deficiency and of intake level. Animal Feed Science and Technology 99, 107–118.Google Scholar
Gil, VMacleod, AJ 1980. The effect of pH on glucosinolate degradation by a thioglucoside glucohydrolase preparation. Phytochemistry 19, 2547–2551.Google Scholar
Goering, HKVan Soest, PJ 1970. Forage fibre analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agricultural handbook no. 379. USDA-ARS, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Jain, NC 1986. Scalm’s veterinary haematology, 4th edition.Lea & Febger, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Kiresur VR 1999. The yellow revolution. Employment News, India, 31 July–6 August, 1–2.Google Scholar
Kloss, P, Jeffery, E, Wallig, M, Tumblenson, MParsons, C 1994. Efficacy of feeding glucosinolate extracted crambe meal to broiler chicks. Poultry Science 73, 1542–1551.Google Scholar
Ledoux, DR, Belyea, RL, Walling, MATumbleson, ME 1999. Effect of feeding crambe meal upon intake, gain, health and meat quality of broiler chicks. Animal Feed Science and Technology 76, 227–240.Google Scholar
McNeill, L, Bernard, KMacLeod, MG 2004. Food intake, growth rate, food conversion and food choice in broilers fed on diets high in rapeseed meal and pea meal with observations of the resulting poultry meat. British Poultry Science 45, 519–523.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, KD, Afzalpurkar, ABEl-Nockrashy, AS 1976. Production of low glucosinolate rapeseed meal. Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 78, 306–311.Google Scholar
Muriu, JI, Njoka-Njiru, EN, Tuitoek, JNNanua, JN 2002. Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) as replacement of maize in the diet of growing rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 15, 565–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papas, A, Ingalls, JRCansfield, P 1978. Effect of Tower and 1821 rapeseed meals and gums on milk yield, milk composition and blood parameters of lactating dairy cows. Canadian Journal Animal Science 58, 671–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papas, A, Ingalls, JRCampbell, LD 1979. Studies on the effect of rapeseed meal on thyroid status of cattle, glucosinolate and iodine content of milk and other parameters. Journal of Nutrition 109, 1129–1139.Google Scholar
Pastuszewska, B, Jablecki, G, Swiich, E, Buraczewska, LOchtabinska, A 2000. Nutritive value of rapeseed meal containing lecithin gums precipitated with citric acid. Animal Feed Science and Technology 86, 117–123.Google Scholar
Prasad, R, Sankhyan, SKKarim, SA 1998. Growth performance of growing rabbits fed on diets containing various types of protein supplements. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management 14, 227–230.Google Scholar
Prasad, R, Misra, AK, Sankhyan, SK, Mishra, AS, Tripathi, MK, Karim, SAJakhmola, RC 2004. Growth performance and caecal fermentation in growing rabbits fed on diets containing graded levels of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 16, 1309–1314.Google Scholar
Prud’hon, M 1968. Appetite in rabbit given dry feed. Coniglicoltura 5, 23–32.Google Scholar
Pusztai, A 1989. Antinutrient in rapeseed. Nutrition Abstract and Reviews. Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding 59, 427–433.Google Scholar
Rahim AMI, El-Keradawy DA, El-Kelawy HM and Abdallah FR 1996. Bioavailability of iron in growing rabbits fed excess levels of dietary iron, under Egyptian conditions. In Proceedings of the Sixth World Rabbit Congress (ed. F Lebas), vol. 1, pp. 51–57. Association Française de Cuniculture, Lempdes, France.Google Scholar
Schone, F, Winnefeld, K, Kirchner, E, Grun, M, Ludke, HHennig, A 1990. Copper and iodine in pig diets with high glucosinolate rapeseed meal. 3. Treatment of rapeseed meal with copper, and the effect of iodine supplementation on trace element status and some related blood (serum) parameters. Animal Feed Science and Technology 30, 143–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schone, F, Leiterer, M, Hartung, H, Jahreis, GTischendorf, F 2001. Rapeseed glucosinolates and iodine in sow affect the milk iodine concentration and the iodine status of piglets. British Journal of Nutrition 85, 659–670.Google Scholar
Tholen, JT, Shifeng, STruscott, RJW 1989. The thymol method for glucosinolate determination. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 49, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tookey, HL, Van-Etten, CHDaxenbichler, ME 1980. Glucosinolate. In Toxic constituents of plant foodstuffs (ed. IE Lienen), 2nd edition. Academic Press, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Tripathi MK 1999. Treatment of rapeseed-mustard (Brassica sp.) meal to remove glucosinolates and its effect on nutrient utilization, growth performance and blood bio-chemical studies in crossbred cattle. PhD thesis, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India.Google Scholar
Tripathi, MKMishra, AS 2007. Glucosinolates in animal nutrition: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 132, 1–27.Google Scholar
Tripathi MK and Singhal KK 1994. Effect of processing and heat treatment on glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Environmental Related Feeding Strategies, 12–13 December, Hisar, India.Google Scholar
Tripathi, MK, Agrawal, IS, Sharma, SDMishra, DP 2001. Effect of untreated, HCl treated or copper and iodine supplemented high glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea) meal on nutrient utilization, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones and growth of calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 92, 73–85.Google Scholar
Tyagi, AK, Tripathi, MKKarim, SA 1996. Evaluation of mustard cake as protein supplement in pregnant ewes. World Review of Animal Production 30, 93–98.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JBLewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Vasanthakumar, P, Sharma, K, Sastry, VRBKumar, R 1999. Effect of graded levels of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake on carcass characteristics of broiler rabbits. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 12, 1246–1250.Google Scholar
Verkerk, R, Gaag, VD, Dekker, MJongen, WMF 1997. Effect of processing condition on glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables. Cancer Letters 114, 193–194.Google Scholar
Wallig, MA, Kore, AM, Crawshaw, JJeffery, EH 1992. Separation of the toxic and glutathione-enhancing effects of the naturally occurring nitrile, cyanohydroxybutene. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19, 598–606.Google Scholar
Wallig, MA, Belyea, RLTumbleson, ME 2002. Effect of pelleting on glucosinolates content of Crambe meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 99, 205–214.Google Scholar