Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T12:25:01.420Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An optimal dietary non-phytate phosphorus level of broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2016

Y. Jiang ,
L. Lu ,
S. F. Li ,
L. Wang ,
L. Y. Zhang ,
S. B. Liu  and
X. G. Luo
Y. Jiang
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
L. Lu
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
S. F. Li
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China Department of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, People’s Republic of China
L. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Orthopedics, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100091, People’s Republic of China
L. Y. Zhang
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
S. B. Liu
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China Guangdong Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yunfu 527400, People’s Republic of China
X. G. Luo*
Affiliation:
Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

It is imperative to evaluate precise nutrient requirements of animals in order to optimize productivity and minimize feed cost and nutrient excretions. The current non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) recommendation for broilers is based on the papers published 30 years ago. However, today’s commercial birds are quite different from those before 30 years. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted with growing male broiler chickens to evaluate an optimal dietary NPP level of broiler chickens fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age. The 1-day-old chicks were fed corn–soybean meal diet containing 0.39% NPP from 1 to 3 weeks of age. At 22 days of age, 360 birds were selected and randomly allotted by BW to one of 10 dietary treatments with six replicate cages of six birds per cage for each treatment. Birds were fed the P-unsupplemented corn–soybean meal basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with inorganic P as CaHPO4·H2O ranging from 0.00% to 0.45% with 0.05% increment from 4 to 6 weeks of age. The dietary NPP levels were 0.09%, 0.14%, 0.20%, 0.24%, 0.30%, 0.34%, 0.38%, 0.45%, 0.49% and 0.54%, respectively, and the dietary Ca level was fixed at 0.90% for all treatments. The results showed that average daily gain, serum inorganic P concentration, tibia bone strength, tibia ash percentage and P percentage, tibia bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), middle toe ash percentage and P percentage, middle toe BMC, total body BMC and BMD were affected (P<0.0001) by dietary NPP level, and increased linearly (P<0.0001) and quadratically (P<0.003) as dietary NPP levels increased. Optimal dietary NPP levels estimated based on fitted broken-line models (P<0.0001) of the above indices are 0.21%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.29%, 0.31%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.27%, 0.29% and 0.28%, respectively. It is suggested that the total body BMC and BMD, and middle toe ash P and BMC might be new, sensitive and non-invasive criteria to evaluate the dietary NPP requirements of broilers. The optimal dietary NPP level would be 0.31% for broiler chickens fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet from 4 to 6 weeks of age.

Keywords

phosphorusbone characteristicsoptimal levelbroilers
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 10 , October 2016 , pp. 1626 - 1634
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akpe, MP, Waibel, PE, Larntz, K, Metz, AL, Noll, SL and Walser, MM 1987. Phosphorus availability bioassay using bone ash and bone densitometry as response criteria. Poultry Science 66, 713–720.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Baird, HT, Eggett, DL and Fullmer, S 2008. Varying ratios of omega-6: omega-3 fatty acids on the pre- and postmortem bone mineral density, bone ash, and bone breaking strength of laying chickens. Poultry Science 87, 323–328.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, T, Peo, E Jr, Lewis, A and Moser, B 1981. Bone strength as a trait for assessing mineralization in swine: a critical review of techniques involved. Journal of Animal Science 53, 827–835.Google Scholar
Dhandu, A and Angel, R 2003. Broiler nonphytin phosphorus requirement in the finisher and withdrawal phases of a commercial four-phase feeding system. Poultry Science 82, 1257–1265.Google Scholar
Gomori, G 1942. Modification of the colorimetric phosphorus determination for use with photometric colorimeter. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 27, 955–966.Google Scholar
Havenstein, G, Ferket, P and Qureshi, M 2003a. Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poultry Science 82, 1509–1518.Google Scholar
Havenstein, G, Ferket, P and Qureshi, M 2003b. Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poultry Science 82, 1500–1508.Google Scholar
Havenstein, G, Ferket, P, Scheideler, S and Larson, B 1994. Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 vs 1991 broilers when fed ‘typical’ 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poultry Science 73, 1785–1794.Google Scholar
Huang, YL, Lu, L, Luo, XG and Liu, B 2007. An optimal dietary zinc level of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poultry Science 86, 2582–2589.Google Scholar
Karimi, A, Bedford, MR, Sadeghi, G and Ghobadi, Z 2011. Influence of dietary non-phytate phosphorous levels and phytase supplementation on the performance and bone characteristics of broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 13, 43–51.Google Scholar
Li, S, Lin, Y, Lu, L, Xi, L, Wang, Z, Hao, S, Zhang, L, Li, K and Luo, X 2011. An estimation of the manganese requirement for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Biological Trace Element Research 143, 939–948.Google Scholar
Liao, X, Li, A, Lu, L, Liu, S, Li, S, Zhang, L, Wang, G and Luo, X 2013. Optimal dietary zinc levels of broiler chicks fed a corn–soybean meal diet from 22 to 42 days of age. Animal Production Science 53, 388–394.Google Scholar
Liu, SB 2012. Studies on standardized phosphorus availability in feedstuffs, standardized available phosphorus requirement and mechanism of phosphorus absorption in the small intestine of broiler chicks. PhD thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Livak, KJ and Schmittgen, TD 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(T)(-Delta Delta C) method. Methods 25, 402–408.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th revised edition. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Onyango, E, Hester, P, Stroshine, R and Adeola, O 2003. Bone densitometry as an indicator of percentage tibia ash in broiler chicks fed varying dietary calcium and phosphorus levels. Poultry Science 82, 1787–1791.Google Scholar
Powell, S, Bidner, TD and Southern, LL 2011. Phytase supplementation improved growth performance and bone characteristics in broilers fed varying levels of dietary calcium. Poultry Science 90, 604–608.Google Scholar
Rao, SVR, Raju, M, Reddy, M R and Pavani, P 2006. Interaction between dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus levels on growth, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in commercial broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 135–150.Google Scholar
Robbins, KR, Saxton, AM and Southern, LL 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science 84, E155–E165.Google Scholar
Rowland, L, Harms, R, Wilson, H, Ross, I and Fry, JL 1967. Breaking strength of chick bones as an indication of dietary calcium and phosphorus adequacy. Experimental Biology and Medicine 126, 399–401.Google Scholar
Sachdev, SW and Sunde, R 2001. Selenium regulation of transcript abundance and translational efficiency of glutathione peroxidase-1 and -4 in rat liver. Biochemical Journal 357, 851–858.Google Scholar
Schreiweis, MA, Orban, JI, Ledur, MC, Moody, DE and Hester, PY 2005. Validation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in live White Leghorns. Poultry Science 84, 91–99.Google Scholar
Selle, PH, Ravindran, V, Cadogan, DJ, Walker, AR and Bryden, WL 1996. The role of microbial phytases in poultry and pig nutrition. Proceedings of the 10th Australian Poultry and Feed Convention, 15–18 October 1996, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 219–224.Google Scholar
Sharpley, A 1999. Environment and health-symposium: reducing the environmental impact of poultry production: focus on phosphorus-agricultural phosphorus, water quality, and poultry production: are they compatible? Poultry Science 78, 660–673.Google Scholar
Skinner, J, Adams, M, Watkins, S and Waldroup, P 1992. Effect of calcium and nonphytate phosphorus levels fed during 42 to 56 days of age on performance and bone strength of male broilers. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 1, 167–171.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc 2003. SAS 9.0 user’s guide. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sterling, KG, Vedenov, DV, Pesti, GM and Bakalli, RI 2005. Economically optimal dietary crude protein and lysine levels for starting broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84, 29–36.Google Scholar
Swennen, Q, Janssens, GP, Geers, R, Decuypere, E and Buyse, J 2004. Validation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for determining in vivo body composition of chickens. Poultry Science 83, 1348–1357.Google Scholar
Thiex, NJ, Manson, H, Anderson, S and Persson, JA 2002. Determination of crude protein in animal feed, forage, grain, and oilseeds by using block digestion with a copper catalyst and steam distillation into boric acid: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 85, 309–317.Google Scholar
Vandesompele, J, De Preter, K, Pattyn, F, Poppe, B, Van Roy, N, De Paepe, A and Speleman, F 2002. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biology 3, Research 0034.1–Research0034.11.Google Scholar
Waldroup, P, Kersey, J, Saleh, E, Fritts, C, Yan, F, Stilborn, H, Crum, R and Raboy, V 2000. Nonphytate phosphorus requirement and phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal or high available phosphate corn with and without microbial phytase. Poultry Science 79, 1451–1459.Google Scholar
Woyengo, TA and Nyachoti, CM 2010. Phytic acid as an anti-nutritional factor in diets for pigs and poultry. Proceedings of the 1st International Phytase Summit, 28–30 September 2010, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 146–167.Google Scholar
Yan, F, Kersey, JH and Waldroup, PW 2001. Phosphorus requirements of broiler chicks three to six weeks of age as influenced by phytase supplementation. Poultry Science 80, 455–459.Google Scholar
Yu, S and Morris, JG 1999. Chloride requirement of kittens for growth is less than current recommendations. Journal of Nutrition 129, 1909–1914.Google Scholar