Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T02:12:41.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of raw cereals for newly weaned piglets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2008

G. A. White ,
F. J. Doucet ,
S. E. Hill  and
J. Wiseman
G. A. White
Affiliation:
Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
F. J. Doucet
Affiliation:
Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
S. E. Hill*
Affiliation:
Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
J. Wiseman
Affiliation:
Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The digestibility of the starch component of raw cereals in newly weaned piglets is highly variable. Reasons for this must be elucidated if the most suitable cereals are to be used. A novel approach was employed, which consisted of assessing the physicochemical properties (rapid visco analysis, water absorption and solubility indices, particle size distribution and in vitro amylolytic digestion) of eight raw cereals contained within piglet diets and subsequently relating this in vitro data to the biological responses of weaned piglets. Trial 1 examined soft and hard wheat, trial 2 – soft wheat, barley, rye and triticale, and trial 3 – soft wheat, naked oats, whole oats and maize. The initial observation was that in vitro testing prior to animal trials is recommended in nutritional evaluation since it indicated fundamental differences between raw cereals, such as for example the levels of endogenous amylase in wheat. Starch and nitrogen digestibility differed between cereals (apparent digestibility coefficients at the 0.5 site of the small intestine ranged from 0.10 to 0.69 for starch and from 0.17 to 0.68 for nitrogen). There is also a probable relationship between the coefficients of ileal apparent starch digestibility, at approximately halfway from the gastric pylorus to the ileocaecal valve, and the presence of endogenous amylase (mean values of 0.53 and 0.62 in trials 2 and 3, respectively, for the higher amylase wheat; 0.38 for the low-amylase wheat used in trial 1). This additional variable (i.e. the unforeseen presence of endogenous amylase) in wheat made it more difficult to draw a firm conclusion about the nutritional suitability of the different cereals. All raw-cereal diets caused atrophy of the villi during the initial week following weaning, but the soft wheat was associated with the highest comparative villi height and might therefore be considered the best of all raw cereals in minimising the post-weaning growth check. For wheat, this might also suggest a possible interaction between villus architecture and endosperm texture in the immediate post-weaning period.

Keywords

cerealsendogenous amylaseendosperm texturegut morphologypiglet
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 6 , June 2008 , pp. 867 - 878
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aarathi, A, Urooj, A, Puttaraj, S 2003. In vitro starch digestibility and nutritionally important starch fractions in cereals and their mixtures. StarchStärke 55, 94–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bark, LJ, Crenshaw, TD, Leibbrandt, VD 1986. The effect of meal intervals and weaning on feed intake of early weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 62, 1233–1239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, A, Hill, SE, Mitchell, JR 2001. Milling – a further parameter affecting the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) profile. Cereal Chemistry 78, 166–172.Google Scholar
Devaux, MF, Le Deschault de Monredon, F, Guibert, D, Novales, B, Abecassis, J 1998. Particle size distribution of break, sizing and middling wheat flours by laser diffraction. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 78, 237–244.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doucet, FJ, White, G, Wiseman, J, Hill, SE 2007. Physicochemical changes to starch structure during processing of raw materials and their implications for starch digestibility in newly-weaned piglets. In Recent advances in animal nutrition 2006 (ed. PC Garnsworthy and J Wiseman), pp. 313–330. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN, Cummings, JH 1987. Digestion of polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 153, 423–431.Google Scholar
Franklin, MA, Matthew, AG, Vickers, JR, Clift, RA 2002. Characterization of microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the jejunum, ileum and caecum of pigs weaned at 17 vs 24 days of age. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2904–2910.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glenn, GM, Saunders, RM 1990. Physical and structural properties of wheat endosperm associated with grain texture. Cereal Chemistry 67, 176–182.Google Scholar
Haddad, Y, Mabille, F, Mermet, A, Abecassis, J, Benet, JC 1999. Rheological properties of wheat endosperm with a view on grinding behaviour. Powder Technology 105, 89–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtekjølen, AK, Uhlen, AK, Bråthen, E, Sahlstrøm, S, Knutsen, SH 2006. Content of starch and nonstarch polysaccharides in barley varieties of different origin. Food Chemistry 94, 348–358.Google Scholar
Kelly, D, Smyth, JA, McCracken, KJ 1991. Digestive development of the early weaned pig. 1. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 181–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis FJ, McCann MEE, Schultze H, McEvoy J and McCracken KJ 1999. The effects of wheat variety, dietary heat treatment and enzyme inclusion on digestibility parameters for growing pigs. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, p. 165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noda, T, Ichinose, Y, Takigawa, S, Matsuura-Endo, C, Abe, H, Saito, K, Hashimoto, N, Yamauchi, H 2003. The pasting properties of flour and starch in wheat grain damaged by alpha-amylase. Food Science and Technology Research 9, 387–391.Google Scholar
Pearce AN, Rose SP, Kettlewell PS and Schultze H 1997. A comparison of growth performance of young piglets fed six different cultivars of wheat. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, p. 64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pluske, JR, Williams, IH, Aherne, FX 1996. Maintenance of villus height and crypt depth in piglets by providing continuous nutrition after weaning. Animal Science 62, 131–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravi, R, Sai Manohar, R, Haridas Rao, P 1999. Use of Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) for measuring the pasting characteristics of wheat flour as influenced by additives. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 1571–1576.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudi, H, Uhlen, AK, Harstad, OM, Munck, L 2006. Genetic variability in cereal carbohydrate compositions and potentials for improving nutritional value. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130, 55–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruy, GH, Neumann, PE, Walker, CE 1993. Pasting of wheat flour extrudates containing conventional baking ingredients. Journal of Food Science 58, 567–573.Google Scholar
Short, FJ, Gilbert, C, Wiseman, J, Boorman, KN, Snape, J, Orford, S, Angus, W, Wakeman, W 1998. Apparent starch digestibility in near-isogenic wheats for broilers. British Poultry Science 39, S41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Short, FJ, Wiseman, J, Boorman, KN 2000. The effect of the 1B/1R translocation and endosperm texture on amino acid digestibility in near-isogenic lines of wheat for broilers. Journal of Agricultural Science 134, 69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spreeuwenberg, MAM, Verdonk, JMAJ, Gaskins, HR, Verstegen, MWA 2001. Small intestine epithelial barrier function is compromised in pigs with low feed intake at weaning. Journal of Nutrition 131, 1520–1527.Google Scholar
Stevnebø, A, Sahlstrøm, S, Svihus, BS 2006. Starch structure and degree of starch hydrolysis of small and large starch granules from barley varieties with varying amylose content. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130, 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svihus, B, Uhlen, AK, Harstad, OM 2005. Effect of starch granule, associated components and processing on nutritive value of cereal starch: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 122, 303–320.Google Scholar
Takahashi, T, Sakata, T 2002. Large particles increase viscosity and yield stress of pig cecal contents without changing basic viscoelastic properties. Journal of Nutrition 132, 1026–1030.Google Scholar
Takahashi, T, Sakata, T 2004. Viscous properties of pig cecal contents and the contribution of solid particles to viscosity. Nutrition 20, 377–382.Google Scholar
Tester, RF, Qi, X, Karkalas, J 2006. Hydrolysis of native starches with amylases. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130, 39–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weurding, RE, Veldman, A, Veen, WAG, van der Aar, PJ, Versegen, M 2001. Starch digestion rate in the small intestine of broiler chickens differs between feedstuffs. Journal of Nutrition 131, 2329–2335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiseman, J 2000. Correlation between physical measurements and dietary energy values of wheat for poultry and pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 84, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiseman, J 2006. Variations in starch digestibility in non-ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130, 66–77.Google Scholar
Zarkadas, L, Wiseman, J 2005. Influence of processing of full fat soya beans included in diets for piglets. II. Digestibility and intestinal morphology. Animal Feed Science and Technology 118, 120–137.Google Scholar