Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:56:29.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Magnesium requirement of some of the principal rumen cellulolytic bacteria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2014

M. S. Morales  and
B. A. Dehority
M. S. Morales
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
B. A. Dehority*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
*
† E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Information available on the role of Mg for growth and cellulose degradation by rumen bacteria is both limited and inconsistent. In this study, the Mg requirements for two strains each of the cellulolytic rumen species Fibrobacter succinogenes (A3c and S85), Ruminococcus albus (7 and 8) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (B34b and C94) were investigated. Maximum growth, rate of growth and lag time were all measured using a complete factorial design, 2(3)×6; factors were: strains (2), within species (3) and Mg concentrations (6). R. flavefaciens was the only species that did not grow when Mg was singly deleted from the media, and both strains exhibited a linear growth response to increasing Mg concentrations (P<0.001). The requirement for R. flavefaciens B34b was estimated as 0.54 mM; whereas the requirement for R. flavefaciens C94 was >0.82 as there was no plateau in growth. Although not an absolute requirement for growth, strains of the two other species of cellulolytic bacteria all responded to increasing Mg concentrations. For F. succinogenes S85, R. albus 7 and R. albus 8, their requirement estimated from maximum growth was 0.56, 0.52 and 0.51, respectively. A requirement for F. succinogenes A3c could not be calculated because there was no solution for contrasts. Whether R. flavefaciens had a Mg requirement for cellulose degradation was determined in NH3-free cellulose media, using a 2×4 factorial design, 2 strains and 4 treatments. Both strains of R. flavefaciens were found to have an absolute Mg requirement for cellulose degradation. Based on reported concentrations of Mg in the rumen, 1.0 to 10.1 mM, it seems unlikely that an in vivo deficiency of this element would occur.

Keywords

cellulolytic bacteriamagnesium requirementrumen
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 8 , Issue 9 , September 2014 , pp. 1427 - 1432
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aurilia, V, Martin, JC, Munro, CA, Mercer, DK and Flint, HJ 2000. Organization and strain distribution of genes responsible for the utilization of xylans by the rumen cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens . Anaerobe 6, 333–340.Google Scholar
Bennink, MR, Tyler, TR, Ward, GM and Johnson, DE 1978. Ionic milieu of bovine and ovine rumen as affected by diet. Journal of Dairy Science 61, 315–323.Google Scholar
Beveridge, TJ 1990. Mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 1609–1620.Google Scholar
Beveridge, TJ and Murray, RGE 1980. Sites of metal deposition in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis . Journal of Bacteriology 141, 876–887.Google Scholar
Beveridge, TJ, Forsberg, CW and Doyle, RJ 1982. Major sites of metal binding in Bacillus licheniformis walls. Journal of Bacteriology 150, 1438–1448.Google Scholar
Bryant, MP and Burkey, LA 1953. Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 36, 205–217.Google Scholar
Bryant, MP and Doetsch, RN 1954. A study of actively cellulolytic rod-shaped bacteria of the bovine rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 37, 1176–1183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, MP, Robinson, IM and Chu, H 1959. Observations on the nutrition of Bacteroides succinogenes – a ruminal cellulolytic bacterium. Journal of Dairy Science 42, 1831–1847.Google Scholar
Bryant, MP, Small, N, Bouma, C and Robinson, IM 1958. Characteristics of ruminal anaerobic cellulolytic cocci and Cillobacterium cellulosolvens n. sp. Journal of Bacteriology 76, 529–537.Google Scholar
Caldwell, DR and Arcand, C 1974. Inorganic and metal-organic growth requirements of the genus Bacteroides . Journal of Bacteriology 120, 322–333.Google Scholar
Caldwell, DR, Keeney, M, Barton, JS and Keller, JF 1973. Sodium and other inorganic growth requirements of Bacteroides amylophilus . Journal of Bacteriology 114, 782–789.Google Scholar
Chamnongpol, S and Groisman, EA 2002. Mg2+ homeostasis and avoidance of metal toxicity. Molecular Microbiology 44, 561–571.Google Scholar
Dehority, BA 1963. Isolation and characterization of several cellulolytic bacteria from in vitro rumen fermentations. Journal of Dairy Science 46, 217–222.Google Scholar
Dehority, BA 1977. Cellulolytic cocci isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33, 1278–1283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durand, M and Kawashima, R 1980. Influence of minerals in rumen microbial digestion. In Digestive physiology and metabolism in ruminants (ed. Y Ruckebusch and P Thivend), pp. 375–408. MTP Press Limited, Lancaster, UK.Google Scholar
Fontes, C and Gilbert, HJ 2010. Cellulosomes: highly efficient nanomachines designed to deconstruct plant cell wall complex carbohydrates. Annual Reviews of Biochemistry 79, 655–681.Google Scholar
Ghuysen, JM and Shockman, GD 1973. Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. In Bacterial membranes and walls (ed. L Leive), pp. 39–130. M Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Gong, J and Forsberg, CW 1989. Factors affecting adhesion of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and adherence defective mutants to cellulose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 3039–3044.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiltner, P and Dehority, BA 1983. Effect of soluble carbohydrates on digestion of cellulose by pure cultures of rumen bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46, 642–648.Google Scholar
Hungate, RE and Stack, RJ 1982. Phenylpropanoic acid: growth factor for Ruminococcus albus . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44, 79–83.Google Scholar
Jasper, P and Silver, S 1977. Magnesium transport in microorganisms. In Microrganisms and minerals (ed. ED Weinberg), pp. 4–47. Microbiology Series, vol. 3. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Mackie, RI and Therion, JJ 1984. Influence of mineral interactions on growth efficiency of rumen bacteria. In Herbivore nutrition in the subtropics and tropics (ed. FMC Gilchrist and RI Mackie), pp. 455–477. The Science Press, Craighall, South Africa.Google Scholar
Moncrief, MB and Maguire, ME 1999. Magnesium transport in prokaryotes. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 4, 523–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moomaw, AS and Maguire, ME 2008. The unique nature of Mg2+ channels. Physiology 23, 275–285.Google Scholar
Morales, MS and Dehority, BA 2009. Ionized calcium requirement of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5079–5091.Google Scholar
Poutiainen, E 1970. Major mineral elements in the bovine rumen fluid. I. Concentrations and their changes between feedings. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae 9, 347–356.Google Scholar
Roger, V, Fonty, G, Komisarczuk-Bondy, S and Gouet, P 1990. Effects of physicochemical factors on the adhesion to cellulose avicel of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 3081–3087.Google Scholar
SAS Institute. 1999. SAS/STAT® user’s guide. Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Retrieved from http://www.math.wpi.edu/saspdf/stat/pdfidx.htm Google Scholar
Scandolo, D, Noro, M, Böhmwald, H, Contreras, PA and Wittwer, F 2007. Diurnal variations of ruminal fluid pH and magnesium and potassium concentrations in grazing dairy cows. Archivos Medicina Veterinaria 39, 141–146.Google Scholar
Scott, HW and Dehority, BA 1965. Vitamin requirements of several cellulolytic rumen bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 89, 1169–1175.Google Scholar
Sepulveda, P, Wittwer, F, Böhmwald, H, Pulido, R and Noro, M 2011. Ruminal pH and magnesium metabolic balance in dairy cattle on grazing and supplemented with magnesium oxide. Archivos Medicina Veterinaria 43, 241–250.Google Scholar
Smith, RL and Maguire, ME 1998. Microbial magnesium transport: unusual transporters searching for identity. Molecular Microbiology 28, 217–226.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, E, Egbosimba, EE, Perry, MB, Lam, JC and Forsberg, W 2001. Structural analysis of the carbohydrate components of the outer membrane of the lipopolysaccharide-lacking cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. European Journal of Biochemistry 268, 3566–3576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zwietering, MH, Jongenburger, I, Rombouts, FM and Van’t Riet, K 1990. Modeling of bacterial growth curves. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 1875–1881.Google Scholar