Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T11:15:46.030Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lipid metabolism in mixtures of red clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in lab scale silages and in vitro rumen incubations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2013

G. Van Ranst ,
M. Vandewalle ,
F. Gadeyne ,
J. De Riek  and
V. Fievez
G. Van Ranst
Affiliation:
Ghent University, LANUPRO, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
M. Vandewalle
Affiliation:
Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research, Unit Plant, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
F. Gadeyne
Affiliation:
Ghent University, LANUPRO, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
J. De Riek
Affiliation:
Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research, Unit Plant, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
V. Fievez*
Affiliation:
Ghent University, LANUPRO, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Most often, farmers consider red clover an unattractive forage because of its low ensilability. Nevertheless, several in vivo and in vitro experiments also showed advantages of red clover silages such as decreased rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This has been attributed to a possible protective role of protein-bound phenols, with polyphenol oxidase playing a key role in their formation. This enzyme is active in red clover, but not in other green forages, such as, for example, perennial ryegrass. Therefore, the aim was to study the lipid metabolism within red clover/ryegrass mixtures in lab scale silages and during in vitro rumen batch incubations. Ensilability of red clover increased with higher proportions of ryegrass in the silage mixture. However, the lipid-protecting mechanism of red clover does not seem to occur in the co-ensiled ryegrass as lipolysis of polar lipids linearly increased with increasing proportions of ryegrass (86.0%, 91.6%, 89.9%, 93.1% and 95.6% in 60-day-old silages with 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 red clover/ryegrass, respectively). Rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 were negatively related to red clover proportions in the silage mixtures. The lipid-protective mechanism in red clover silages is confirmed, but it seems not to be transferred to lipids in co-ensiled forages.

Keywords

lipid metabolismred cloverin vitro rumensilage
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 9 , September 2013 , pp. 1454 - 1463
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackman, RG, Sipos, JC 1964. Application of specific response factors in the gas chromatographic analysis of methyl esters of fatty acids with flame ionization detectors. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 41, 377–378.Google Scholar
Alves, S, Cabrita, A, Jeronimo, E, Bessa, R, Fonseca, A 2011. Effect of ensiling and silage additives on fatty acid composition of ryegrass and corn experimental silages. Journal of Animal Science 89, 2537–2545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvidsson, K, Gustavsson, A, Martinsson, K 2009. Effects of conservation method on fatty acid composition of silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148, 241–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boeckaert, C, Vlaeminck, B, Mestdagh, J, Fievez, V 2007. In vitro examination of DHA-edible micro algae 1. Effect on rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids. Animal Feed Science and Technology 136, 63–79.Google Scholar
Buxton, DR, O'Kiely, P 2003. Preharvest plant factors affecting ensiling. In Silage science and technology (ed. DR Buxton, R Muck and JH Harrison), pp. 199–250. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.Google Scholar
Conway, EJ 1957. Acetaldehyde from lactic acid and threonine with bisulphite absorption. In Microdiffusion analysis and volumetric error (ed. EJ Conway), pp. 276–280. Crosby Lockwood & Sons Ltd, London, UK.Google Scholar
Demeyer, D, Fievez, V 2000. Ruminants and environment: methanogenesis. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 95–112.Google Scholar
Dewhurst, RJ, King, PJ 1998. Effects of extended wilting, shading and chemical additives on the fatty acids in laboratory grass silages. Grass and Forage Science 53, 219–224.Google Scholar
Dewhurst, RJ, Fisher, WJ, Tweed, JKS, Wilkins, RJ 2003. Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 1. Production responses with different levels of concentrate. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2598–2611.Google Scholar
Dreyfus, H, Guerold, B, Freysz, L, Hicks, D 1997. Successive isolation and separation of the major lipid fractions including gangliosides from single biological samples. Analytical Biochemistry 249, 67–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, MD, Fychan, R, Jones, R 2004. Evaluation of methods for storing small quantities of experimental silage. Small Ruminant Research 54, 141–146.Google Scholar
Grabber, JH 2008. Mechanical maceration divergently shifts protein degradability in condensed-tannin vs. o-quinone containing conserved forages. Crop Science 48, 804–813.Google Scholar
Hassim, HA, Lourenço, M, Goel, G, Vlaeminck, B, Goh, YM, Fievez, V 2010. Effect of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds on in vitro rumen fermentation pattern, fatty acid metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acid. Animal Feed Science and Technology 162, 155–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawke, JC 1973. Lipids. In Chemistry and Biochemistry in Herbage (ed. GW Butler and RW Bailey), pp. 213–263. Academic Press, London, UK.Google Scholar
Jalc, D, Laukova, A, Varadyova, Z, Homolka, P, Koukolova, V 2009. Effect of inoculated grass silages on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Science and Technology 151, 55–64.Google Scholar
Lee, MRF, Tweed, J, Cookson, A, Sullivan, ML 2009. Immunogold labelling to localize polyphenol oxidase (PPO) during wilting of red clover leaf tissue and the effect of removing cellular matrices on PPO protection of glycerol-based lipid in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 90, 503–510.Google Scholar
Lee, MRF, Harris, LJ, Dewhurst, RJ, Merry, RJ, Scollan, ND 2003. The effect of clover silages on long chain fatty acid rumen transformations and digestion in beef steers. Animal Science 76, 491–501.Google Scholar
Lee, MRF, Scott, M, Tweed, J, Minchin, F, Davies, D 2008. Effects of polyphenol oxidase on lipolysis and proteolysis of red clover silage with and without a silage inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum L54). Animal Feed Science and Technology 144, 125–136.Google Scholar
Lima, R, Diaz, RF, Castro, A, Fievez, V 2011. Digestibility, methane production and nitrogen balance in sheep fed ensiled or fresh mixtures of sorghum-soybean forage. Livestock Science 141, 36–46.Google Scholar
Lima, R, Lourenço, M, Diaz, RF, Castro, A, Fievez, V 2010. Effect of combined ensiling of sorghum and soybean with or without molasses and lactobacilli on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 155, 122–131.Google Scholar
Lourenço, M, Van Ranst, G, De Smet, S, Raes, K, Fievez, V 2007. Effect of grazing pastures with different botanical composition by lambs on rumen fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid pattern of longissimus muscle and subcultaneous fat. Animal 1, 537–545.Google Scholar
Mayer, AM 2006. Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi: Going places? A review. Phytochemistry 67, 2318–2331.Google Scholar
Raes, K, De Smet, S, Demeyer, D 2001. Effect of double-muscling in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animal Science 73, 253–260.Google Scholar
Van Dorland, H, Wettstein, H, Leuenberger, H, Kreuzer, M 2007. Effect of supplementation of fresh and ensiled clovers to ryegrass on nitrogen loss and methane emission of dairy cows. Livestock Science 111, 57–69.Google Scholar
Van Ranst, G, Lee, M, Fievez, V 2011. Red clover polyphenol oxidase and lipid metabolism. Animal 5, 512–521.Google Scholar
Van Ranst, G, Fievez, V, De Riek, J, Van Bockstaele, E 2009a. Influence of ensiling forages at different dry matters and silage additives on lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 150, 62–74.Google Scholar
Van Ranst, G, Fievez, V, Vandewalle, M, De Riek, J, Van Bockstaele, E 2009b. Influence of herbage species, cultivar and cutting date on fatty acid composition of herbage and lipid metabolism during ensiling. Grass and Forage Science 64, 196–207.Google Scholar
Van Ranst, G, Fievez, V, Vandewalle, M, Van Waes, C, De Riek, J, Van Bockstaele, E 2010. Influence of damaging and wilting red clover on lipid metabolism during ensiling and in vitro rumen incubation. Animal 4, 1528–1540.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Kuoppala, K, Toivonen, V, Shingfield, KJ 2007. Effects of forage species and stage of maturity on bovine milk fatty acid composition. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, 856–867.Google Scholar
Wiseman, HG, Mallack, JC, Jacobson, WC 1960. Silage analysis, determination of sugar in silages and forages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 8, 78–80.Google Scholar
Wolff, RL, Bayard, CC, Fabien, RJ 1995. Evaluation of sequential methods for the determination of butterfat fatty acid composition with emphasis on trans-18:1 acids. Application to the study of seasonal variations in French butters. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 72, 1471–1483.Google Scholar
Wu, Z, Palmquist, DL 1991. Synthesis and biohydrogenation of fatty-acids by ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3035–3046.Google Scholar