Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:51:27.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of wheat dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef fatty acid profile in feedlot steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Z. X. He ,
M. L. He ,
Y. L. Zhao ,
L. Xu ,
N. D. Walker ,
K. A. Beauchemin ,
T. A. McAllister  and
W. Z. Yang
Z. X. He
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
M. L. He
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
Y. L. Zhao
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
L. Xu
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
N. D. Walker
Affiliation:
AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN84AN, United Kingdom
K. A. Beauchemin
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
T. A. McAllister
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
W. Z. Yang*
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing wheat DDGS on fatty acid profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef cattle. A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495±38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain-based concentrate, dry matter (DM) basis); (2) diet containing 30% wheat DDGS in place of barley grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg DM); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg DM). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from cattle at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in wheat DDGS-based diets tended (P<0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle tended to be greater (P<0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of wheat DDGS into the diet increased (P<0.05) concentration of CLA and vaccenic acid (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P<0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in wheat DDGS-based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total fatty acids. These results suggest that inclusion of wheat DDGS in finishing diets may improve fatty acid profile of beef muscle which could benefit human health.

Keywords

beeffatty acidfeed enzymeswheat dried distillers grain with solubles
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 10 , October 2015 , pp. 1740 - 1746
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015. Parts of this are a work of Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada, as represented by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Agency of Canada. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldai, N, Klieve, AV, Dugan, ME, Kramer, JK, Ouwerkerk, D, Aalhus, JL, McKinnon, JJ and McAllister, TA 2012. Evaluation of rumen fatty acid hydrogenation intermediates and differences in bacterial communities after feeding wheat-or corn-based dried distillers grains to feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 90, 2699–2709.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1995. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, Colombatto, D, Morgavi, DP and Yang, WZ 2003. Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 81, E37–E47.Google Scholar
Beliveau, RM and McKinnon, JJ 2008. Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers’ grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, 677–684.Google Scholar
Canadian Council on Animal Care 2009. Guidelines on: the care and use of farm animals in research, teaching and testing. CCAC, Ottawa, ON, Canada.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y and Ferlay, A 2004. Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties. Reproduction Nutrition Development 44, 467–492.Google Scholar
Colombatto, D and Beauchemin, KA 2003. A proposed methodology to standardize the determination of enzymic activities present in enzyme additives used in ruminant diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, 559–568.Google Scholar
Depenbusch, BE, Drouillard, JS, Loe, ER, Higgins, JJ, Corrigan, ME and Quinn, MJ 2008. Efficacy of monensin and tylosin in finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn with and without corn wet distillers grains with solubles. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2270–2276.Google Scholar
Doreau, M and Ferlay, A 1994. Digestion and utilisation of fatty acids by ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 45, 379–396.Google Scholar
Dugan, ME, Aldai, N, Kramer, JK, Gibb, DJ, Juárez, M and McAllister, TA 2010. Feeding wheat dried distillers grains with solubles improves beef trans and conjugated linoleic acid profiles. Journal of Animal Science 88, 1842–1847.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M and Sloane-Stanley, GH 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
He, ZX, He, ML, Walker, ND, McAllister, TA and Yang, WZ 2014. Using a fibrolytic enzyme in barley-based diets containing wheat dried distillers grains with solubles: ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and growth performance of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science 92, 3978–3987.Google Scholar
He, ML, Yang, WZ, Dugan, ME, Beauchemin, KA, McKinnon, JJ and McAllister, TA 2012a. Substitution of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for barley silage and barley grain in a finishing diet increases polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in beef. Animal Feed Science and Technology 175, 114–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, ML, McAllister, TA, Kastelic, JP, Mir, PS, Aalhus, JL, Dugan, ME, Aldai, N and McKinnon, JJ 2012b. Feeding flaxseed in grass hay and barley silage diets to beef cows increases alpha-linolenic acid and its biohydrogenation intermediates in subcutaneous fat. Journal of Animal Science 90, 592–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kronberg, SL, Scholljegerdes, EJ, Barceló-Coblijn, G and Murphy, EJ 2007. Flaxseed treatments to reduce biohydrogenation of α-linolenic acid by rumen microbes in cattle. Lipids 42, 1105–1111.Google Scholar
Li, YL, McAllister, TA, Beauchemin, KA, He, ML, McKinnon, JJ and Yang, WZ 2011. Substitution of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for barley grain or barley silage in feedlot cattle diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. Journal of Animal Science 89, 2491–2501.Google Scholar
McAllister, TA, Hristov, AN, Beauchemin, KA, Rode, LM and Cheng, KJ 2001. Enzymes in ruminant diets. In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition (ed. M Bedford and G Partridge), pp. 273–298. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mir, PS, Okine, EK, Goonewardene, L, He, ML and Mir, Z 2003. Effects of synthetic conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or bio-formed CLA as high CLA beef on rat growth and adipose tissue development. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, 583–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mourot, J and Hermier, D 2001. Lipids in monogastric animal meat. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41, 109–118.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1996. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washiongton, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Nuez Ortín, WG and Yu, P 2009. Nutrient variation and availability of wheat DDGS, corn DDGS and blend DDGS from bioethanol plants. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89, 1754–1761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rode, LM, Yang, WZ and Beauchemin, KA 1999. Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2121–2126.Google Scholar
Schingoethe, DJ, Kalscheur, KF, Hippen, AP and Garcia, AD 2009. Invited review: the use of distillers products in dairy cattle diets. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5802–5813.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Bonnet, M and Scollan, ND 2013. Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal 7, 132–162.Google Scholar
Simopoulos, AP 2002. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 56, 365–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simopoulos, AP 2008. The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Experimental Biology and Medicine 233, 674–688.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wijendran, V and Hayes, KC 2004. Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acid balance and cardiovascular health. Annual Review of Nutrition 24, 597–615.Google Scholar
Wood, JD, Richardson, RI, Nute, GR, Fisher, AV, Campo, MM, Kasapidou, E, Sheard, PR and Enser, M 2004. Effects of fatty acids on meat quality: a review. Meat Science 66, 21–32.Google Scholar
Wood, JD, Enser, M, Fisher, AV, Nute, GR, Sheard, PR, Richardson, RI, Hughes, SI and Whittington, FM 2008. Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: a review. Meat Science 78, 343–358.Google Scholar
World Health Organization 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Yang, WZ, Li, YL, McAllister, TA, McKinnon, JJ and Beauchemin, KA 2012. Wheat distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets: feeding behavior, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. Journal of Animal Science 90, 1301–1310.Google Scholar
Yashodhara, BM, Umakanth, S, Pappachan, JM, Bhat, SK, Kamath, R and Choo, BH 2009. Omega-3 fatty acids: a comprehensive review of their role in health and disease. Postgraduate Medical Journal 85, 84–90.Google Scholar