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Effect of functional oils on the immune response of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2019

P. O. Moraes Open the ORCID record for P. O. Moraes [Opens in a new window] ,
I. Andretta Open the ORCID record for I. Andretta [Opens in a new window] ,
K. M. Cardinal ,
M. Ceron ,
L. Vilella ,
R. Borille ,
A. P. Frazzon ,
J. Frazzon ,
E. Santin  and
A. M. L. Ribeiro
P. O. Moraes*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88036-020, Brazil
I. Andretta
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
K. M. Cardinal
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
M. Ceron
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
L. Vilella
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
R. Borille
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Biology Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul 98300-00, Brazil
A. P. Frazzon
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
J. Frazzon
Affiliation:
Food Science and Technology Institute (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
E. Santin
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
A. M. L. Ribeiro
Affiliation:
Department of Animal, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Infection with Eimeria sp. results in the activation of multiple facets of the host immune system; the use of phytogenics can modulate the inflammatory response and improve the performance of the challenged animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial blend of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil on the immune response of broilers challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 864 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups (8 pens/treatment and 18 chicks/pen) in a three-by-two factorial design with three additives: control (non-additive), 100 ppm of monensin or 0.15% CNSL–castor oil. Challenge status was determined twice at 14 days of age. Unchallenged birds were inoculated by gavage with oocysts sporulated with Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. Although the positive control (non-additive and challenged) and CNSL–castor oil treatment groups exhibited similar variation in weight gain (ΔBWG) compared to unchallenged birds fed without additives, the variation observed in birds fed diets containing CNSL–castor oil was associated with a higher maintenance requirement and not feed efficiency. In the second week after infection, ΔBWG of the CNSL–castor oil treatment group did not significantly change compared to the other treatment groups. At days 7 and 14 post-challenge, there was a higher excretion of oocysts in the control group, whereas the CNSL–castor oil and monensin groups did not differ. The CNSL–castor oil group exhibited increased gene expression of interferon (IFN), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while the control group exhibited increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and IL-1. The heterophils/lymphocyte ratio was low for the monensin treatment group. The unchallenged birds that received monensin treatment presented higher gene expression of IFN, COX and IL-1 compared to the other treatments, while the CNSL–castor oil group exhibited reduced gene expression, except for TNF. The commercial blend of cashew nut liquid and castor oil modulated the inflammatory response against Eimeria spp. In the absence of the parasite, there was no stimulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response, demonstrating that the blend is an effective tool in specifically modulating the immune system of birds afflicted with coccidiosis.

Keywords

cashew nutcastor oilchallengecoccidiosisinterleukins
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 10 , October 2019 , pp. 2190 - 2198
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

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