Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:55:22.956Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dairy goat kids fed liquid diets in substitution of goat milk and slaughtered at different ages: an economic viability analysis using Monte Carlo techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2015

L. S. Knupp ,
C. M. Veloso ,
M. I. Marcondes ,
T. S. Silveira ,
A. L. Silva ,
N. O. Souza ,
S. N. R. Knupp  and
A. Cannas
L. S. Knupp
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
C. M. Veloso*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
M. I. Marcondes
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
T. S. Silveira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
A. L. Silva
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
N. O. Souza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
S. N. R. Knupp
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Av. Universitária s/n, 58708-110, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
A. Cannas
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the economic viability of producing dairy goat kids fed liquid diets in alternative of goat milk and slaughtered at two different ages. Forty-eight male newborn Saanen and Alpine kids were selected and allocated to four groups using a completely randomized factorial design: goat milk (GM), cow milk (CM), commercial milk replacer (CMR) and fermented cow colostrum (FC). Each group was then divided into two groups: slaughter at 60 and 90 days of age. The animals received Tifton hay and concentrate ad libitum. The values of total costs of liquid and solid feed plus labor, income and average gross margin were calculated. The data were then analyzed using the Monte Carlo techniques with the @Risk 5.5 software, with 1000 iterations of the variables being studied through the model. The kids fed GM and CMR generated negative profitability values when slaughtered at 60 days (US$ −16.4 and US$ −2.17, respectively) and also at 90 days (US$ −30.8 and US$ −0.18, respectively). The risk analysis showed that there is a 98% probability that profitability would be negative when GM is used. In this regard, CM and FC presented low risk when the kids were slaughtered at 60 days (8.5% and 21.2%, respectively) and an even lower risk when animals were slaughtered at 90 days (5.2% and 3.8%, respectively). The kids fed CM and slaughtered at 90 days presented the highest average gross income (US$ 67.88) and also average gross margin (US$ 18.43/animal). For the 60-day rearing regime to be economically viable, the CMR cost should not exceed 11.47% of the animal-selling price. This implies that the replacer cannot cost more than US$ 0.39 and 0.43/kg for the 60- and 90-day feeding regimes, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the variables with the greatest impact on the final model’s results were animal selling price, liquid diet cost, final weight at slaughter and labor. In conclusion, the production of male dairy goat kids can be economically viable when the kids diet consists mainly of either cow milk or fermented colostrum, especially when kids are slaughtered at 90 days of age.

Keywords

goatsmilk substitutesMonte Carlo methodsucklingweaning
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , March 2016 , pp. 490 - 499
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amaral, CMC, Pelicano, ERL, Yañez, EA, Souza, HBA, Machado, MRF, Sugohara, A and Resende, KT 2007. Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Saanen kids fed ground, pelleted and extruded total ration. Ciência Rural 37, 550–556.Google Scholar
Andrighetto, I, Bailoni, L, Zancan, M and Dalvit, P 1994. Effect of concentration of cold acidified milk replacers, breed and rearing season on the performance of goat kids. Small Ruminant Research 13, 223–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azevedo RA, Araújo L, Coelho SG, Faria Filho DE, Duarte ER, Geraseev LC 2013. Performance of calves fed silage transition milk. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, 545–552.Google Scholar
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 2009. Cursos recomendados e reconhecidos. Retrieved December 10, 2013, from http://conteudoweb.capes.gov.br/conteudoweb/CadernoAvaliacaoServlet?acao=pesquisaAno&ano=2004_a_2009 Google Scholar
Costa, RG, Beltrão Filho, EM, Medeiros, GR, Villarroel, ABS, Santa Cruz, SESB and Santos, EM 2010. Replacement of goat milk for cattle cheese whey in artificial feeding of Alpine kids. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, 824–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization 2011. Production – live animals. Retrieved December 10, 2013, from http://faostat.fao.org/site/573/default.aspx#ancor Google Scholar
Fundação Getúlio Vargas 2014. Correção de valores – Índices de preços. Retrieved October 10, 2014, from https://www3.bcb.gov.br/CALCIDADAO/publico/exibirFormCorrecaoValores.do?method=exibirFormCorrecaoValores Google Scholar
Galina, MA, Palma, JM, Pacheco, D and Morales, R 1995. Effect of goat milk, cow milk, cow milk replacer and partial substitution of the replacer mixture with whey on artificial feeding of female kids. Small Ruminant Research 17, 153–158.Google Scholar
Goetsch, AL, Detweiler, G, Sahlu, T and Dawson, LJ 2001. Effects of different management practices on preweaning and early postweaning growth of Alpine kids. Small Ruminant Research 41, 109–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Górka, P, Kowalski, ZM, Pietrzak, P, Kotunia, A, Jagusiak, W and Zabielski, R 2011. Is rumen development in newborn calves affected by different liquid feeds and small intestine development? Journal of Dairy Science 94, 3002–3013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helton, JC and Davis, FJ 2002. Illustration of sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Risk analysis 22, 591–622.Google Scholar
Kirton, AH 1970. Body and carcass composition and meat quality of the New Zealand feral goat. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 167–181.Google Scholar
Lu, CD and Potchoiba, MJ 1988. Milk feeding and weaning of goat kids – a review. Small Ruminant Research 1, 105–112.Google Scholar
Madruga, MS, Arruda, SGB, Araújo, EM, Andrade, LT, Nascimento, JC and Costa, RG 1999. Goat meat – Part B: slaughter age effect on nutritive and sensorial value of the “mestiço” goat meat. Food Science and Technology 19, 374–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maia, MS, Sousa Leal, WH, Araújo Neto, JO, Rego, MMT, Silva, JGM and Lima, CAC 2009. Uso de leite de vaca no aleitamento de cabritos. Paper presented at the 4th Simpósio Internacional sobre Caprinos e Ovinos de Corte, João Pessoa, November 16 to 20, 2009, João Pessoa, Brazil.Google Scholar
Malan, SW 2000. The improved Boer goat. Small Ruminant Research 36, 165–170.Google Scholar
Medeiros, LFD, Vieira, DH, Ferreira, SF, Silveira, JPF and Tierzo, VL 2005. Growth study of Saanen, Germany Alpine and ½ Saanen+½ Germany Alpine crossbreed kids. Boletim da Indústria Animal 62, 55–62.Google Scholar
Morand-Fehr, P, Hervieu, J, Bas, P and Sauvant, D 1982. Feeding of young goats. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Goat Production and Disease, January 10 to 15, 1982, Tucson, Arizona, USA, pp. 90–104.Google Scholar
Morris, TR 1999. Experimental design and analysis in animal sciences. CABI Publishing, New York, NY, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids and New World camelids. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Paez Lama, S, Egea, V, Grilli, D, Fucili, M, Allegretti, L and Guevara, JC 2013. Growth and economic performance of kid production under different rearing systems and slaughter ages in arid areas of Argentina. Small Ruminant Research 110, 9–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira Filho, JM, Resende, KT, IAMA, Teixeira, Silva Sobrinho, AG, Yáñez, EA and Ferreira, ACD 2005. Effect of feed restriction on economical and productive performances of F1-Boer×Saanen goats. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34, 188–196.Google Scholar
Perez, P, Maino, M, Morales, MS and Soto, A 2001. Effect of goat milk and milk substitutes and sex on productive parameters and carcass composition of Creole kids. Small Ruminant Research 42, 87–93.Google Scholar
Resende, KT, IAMA, Teixeira, Biagioli, B, Lima, LD, Boaventura Neto, O and Pereira, JD Jr. 2010. Scientific progress in small ruminants in the first decade of 21st century. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, 369–375.Google Scholar
Rodrigues Filho, M, Mancio, AB, Gomes, ST, Silva, FF, Lana, RP, Rodrigues, NEB, Soares, CA and Veloso, CM 2002. Economic evaluation of feedlot dairy crossbred bulls fed diets with different concentrate and broiler litter levels. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31, 2055–2069.Google Scholar
Saalfeld, MH, Pereira, DIB, Silveira, KRK, Schramm, R, Valente, JSS, Borchardt, JL, Gularte, MA and Leite, FPL 2013. Anaerobically fermented colostrum: an alternative for feeding calves. Ciência Rural 43, 1636–1641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva Sobrinho, AG and Osório, JCS 2008. Aspectos quantitativos da produção de carne ovina. In Produção de carne ovina (ed. AG Silva Sobrinho, C Sañudo, JCS Osório, MMC Arribas and MTM Osório), pp. 1–68. FUNEP – Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
Souza, NE and Visentainer, JV 2011. Colesterol da mesa ao corpo, 2nd edition. Livraria Varela, São Paulo, Brasil.Google Scholar
van Asseldonk, MAPM, Jalvingh, AW, Huirne, RBM and Dijkhuizen, AA 1999. Potential economic benefits from changes in management via information technology applications on Dutch dairy farms: a simulation study. Livestock Science 60, 33–44.Google Scholar
Yáñez, EA 2002. Desenvolvimento tecidual e características da carcaça de cabritos Saanen com diferentes pesos e níveis nutricionais. Thesis PhD, Paulista State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.Google Scholar