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Comparison of performance and metabolism from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows with elevated v. normal body condition at dry-off

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2019

K. Schuh ,
H. Sadri ,
S. Häussler ,
L. A. Webb ,
C. Urh ,
M. Wagner ,
C. Koch ,
J. Frahm ,
S. Dänicke  and
G. Dusel
...Show all authors
K. Schuh
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
H. Sadri*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran
S. Häussler
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
L. A. Webb
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
C. Urh
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
M. Wagner
Affiliation:
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
C. Koch
Affiliation:
Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
J. Frahm
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
S. Dänicke
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
G. Dusel
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
H. Sauerwein
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Excessive mobilization of body reserves during the transition from pregnancy to lactation imposes a risk for metabolic diseases on dairy cows. We aimed to establish an experimental model for high v. normal mobilization and herein characterized performance, metabolic and endocrine changes from 7 weeks antepartum (a.p.) to 12 weeks postpartum (p.p.). Fifteen weeks a.p., 38 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups that were fed differently to reach either high or normal body condition scores (HBCS: 7.2 NEL MJ/kg dry matter (DM); NBCS: 6.8 NEL MJ/kg DM) at dry-off. Allocation was also based on differences in body condition score (BCS) in the previous and the ongoing lactation that was further promoted by feeding to reach the targeted BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) at dry-off (HBCS: >3.75 and >1.4 cm; NBCS: <3.5 and <1.2 cm). Thereafter, both groups were fed identical diets. Blood samples were drawn weekly from 7 weeks a.p. to 12 weeks p.p. to assess the serum concentrations of metabolites and hormones. The HBCS cows had greater BCS, BFT and BW than the NBCS cows throughout the study and lost more than twice as much BFT during the first 7 weeks p.p. compared with NCBS. Milk yield and composition were not different between groups, except that lactose concentrations were greater in NBSC than in HBCS. Feed intake was also greater in NBCS, and NBCS also reached a positive energy balance earlier than HBCS. The greater reduction in body mass in HBCS was accompanied by greater concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate in serum after calving than in NBCS, indicating increased lipomobilization and ketogenesis. The mean concentrations of insulin across all time-points were greater in HBCS than in NBCS. In both groups, insulin and IGF-1 concentrations were lower p.p than in a.p. Greater free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations and a lower free 3-3′-5-triiodothyronine (fT3)/fT4 ratio were observed in HBCS than in NBCS a.p., whereas p.p. fT3/fT4 ratio followed a reverse pattern. The variables indicative for oxidative status had characteristic time courses; group differences were limited to greater plasma ferric reducing ability values in NBSC. The results demonstrate that the combination of pre-selection according to BCS and differential feeding before dry-off to promote the difference was successful in obtaining cows that differ in the intensity of mobilizing body reserves. The HBCS cows were metabolically challenged due to intense mobilization of body fat, associated with reduced early lactation dry matter intake and compromised antioxidative capacity.

Keywords

bovinepre-selectiondry periodbody reservemobilization
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 7 , July 2019 , pp. 1478 - 1488
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

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