Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T13:15:42.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Survival and Adaptation of a Released Group of Confiscated Capuchin Monkeys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

C E Suarez ,
E M Gamboa ,
P Claver  and
F Nassar-Montoya
C E Suarez
Affiliation:
Universidad de la Salle - Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre WSPA. Facultad de Zootecnia, Carrrera 7 No 172-85 Bogotá, Colombia
E M Gamboa
Affiliation:
Universidad de la Salle - Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre WSPA. Facultad de Zootecnia, Carrrera 7 No 172-85 Bogotá, Colombia
P Claver
Affiliation:
Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre WSPA, Oficina WSPA Colombia, Cra 1 No 7035, Apt 104, Bogotá, Colombia
F Nassar-Montoya*
Affiliation:
Centro de Primatologia Araguatos, Calle 96 No 22-08, Bogotá, Colombia
*
† Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

One commonly used method of managing confiscated wild primates in Latin American countries is to release rehabilitated individuals back to their natural habitats. However, little information has been collected from confiscated animal releases, so no clear guidelines have been developed to measure the success of this type of procedure. In most countries, the collection of critical post-release data is too costly and time-consuming for it to be incorporated into the routine procedures of institutions managing confiscated fauna. Therefore, this project was carried out in conditions similar to those of other Colombian and Latin American rehabilitation centres. A group of eight confiscated and rehabilitated brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was released in Los Llanos Orientales in Colombia, and monitored for 6.5 months to determine their adaptation and survival after release. Results were analysed according to how the animals adapted to their new environment in terms of foraging, feeding, locomotion, sleeping, social interactions between the group and with other animals and species, prédation, orientation, and establishment of a territory. The results show that the short-term adaptation and survival of the group 6.5 months after release was successful. Five of the eight animals remained together, two separated, and only one was lost during the first month. Implications for animal well-being are discussed.

Keywords

animal welfarecapuchin monkeyCebus apellaColombiaconfiscated animalrehabilitationwild animal release
Type
Technical Contribution
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , May 2001 , pp. 191 - 203
Copyright
© 2001 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

References

American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 1993 Proceedings issue: International conference on implications of infectious disease for captive propagation and reintroduction of threatened species. Journal of Wildlife Medicine 24: No 3Google Scholar
Beck, B B, Rapaport, L G, San ley Price, M R and Wilson, A C 1994 Reintroduction of captive-born animals. In: Olney, P J S, Mace, G M and Feistner, A T C (eds) Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals pp 265–286. Chapman & Hall: London, UKGoogle Scholar
Box, H 1991 Training for life after release: Simian primates as examples. In: Gipps, J H (ed) Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62: Beyond Captive Breeding: Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild pp 111–124. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UKGoogle Scholar
Castro, M I, Beck, B B, Kleiman, D V, Ruiz-Miranda, C R and Rosenberger, A L 1998 Environmental enrichment in a reintroduction program for Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). In: Shepherdson D J, Mellen J D and Hutchins M (eds) Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals pp 113-128. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC, USAGoogle Scholar
Chacón, G S and Janik, D 1999 Técnicas de liberación gradual para avifauna nativa en la Garita, Costa Rica. In: Drews, C (ed) Rescate de Fauna en el Neotrópico pp 415–425. Editorial Universidad Nacional: Heredia, Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Chivers, D J 1991 Guidelines for re-introductions: Procedures and problems. In: Gipps, J H (ed) Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62: Beyond Captive Breeding: Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild pp 89–100. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UKGoogle Scholar
CITES 1997 Resolución Conferencia 10.7: Disposición de especímenes vivos confiscados de especies incluidas en los apéndices. 10th Reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes, 9-20 Junio: Harare, ZimbabweGoogle Scholar
Crawford W C Jr 1992 The reintroduction of endangered species - combining rehabilitation and species preservation in the 90’s. Proceedings of the 1992 International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council Conference pp 80–83. Omnipress: Wisconsin, USAGoogle Scholar
Defler, T R 1982 A comparison of intergroup behavior in Cebus albifrons and Cebus apella. Primates 23: 385–392Google Scholar
Defler, T R 1994 La conservación de primates en Colombia. Trianea (Acta Científica y Tecnológica Inderena) 5: 255–287Google Scholar
Drews, C (ed) 1999 Rescate de Fauna en el Neotrópico: Iniciativas y Perspectivas. Editorial Universidad Nacional: Heredia, Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Freese, C and Oppenheimer, JR 1981 The capuchin monkeys, genus Cebus. In: Coimbre-Filho, A F and Mittermeier, R A (eds) Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates pp 331–390. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias: Rio de Janeiro, BrasilGoogle Scholar
Gamboa, L M and Suarez, C E 1996 Protocolo para la rehabilitación y liberación de un grupo de Cebus apella. Trabajo de grado para optar el Titulo de Zootecnista, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, ColombiaGoogle Scholar
Gipps, J H (ed) 1991 Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62: Beyond Captive Breeding: Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UKGoogle Scholar
IUCN 1987 IUCN Positions Statement on Translocation of Living Organisms: Introductions, Reintroductions and Restocking. IUCN: Gland, SwitzerlandGoogle Scholar
IUCN 1998 IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions. IUCN/SSC reintroductions specialist group, IUCN: Gland, SwitzerlandGoogle Scholar
IUCN 1999 Guidelines for the Placement of Confiscated Animals. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland. Draft available from IUCN web page: www.iucn.orgGoogle Scholar
Izawa, K 1979 Foods and feeding behavior of wild black capuchin. Primates 20: 773–792CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izawa, K 1980 Social behavior of the wild black-capped capuchin (Cebus apella). Primates 21: 443–467Google Scholar
Izawa, K 1990 Social changes within a group of wild black capped capuchin (Cebus apella) in Colombia II. Field Studies of New World Monkeys: La Macarena Colombia III: 1 -5Google Scholar
Karesh, W B 1995 Wildlife rehabilitation: Additional considerations for developing countries. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26: 2–9Google Scholar
Kleiman, D G, Beck, B B, Dietz, J M and Dietz, LA 1991 Costs of a re-introduction and criteria success: Accounting and accountability in the golden lion tamarin conservation program. In: Gipps, J H (ed) Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62: Beyond Captive Breeding: Reintroducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild pp 125–144. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UKGoogle Scholar
Ludwig, D R and Mkolajczak, S 1985 Post-release studies: A review of current information. Wildlife Rehabilitation 4: 11–24Google Scholar
Martin, P and Bateson, P 1986 Measuring Behaviour: An Introductory Guide. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UKGoogle Scholar
Miller, B, Biggins, D, Vargas, A and Hanebury, L 1994 Reintroduction of black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). In: Olney, P J S, Mace, G M and Feistner, A T C (eds) Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals pp 455–466. Chapman & Hall: London, UKCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, B, Biggins, D, Vargas, A, Hutchins, M, Hanebury, L, Godbey, J, Anderson, S, Wemmer, C and Oldemeier, J 1998 The captive environment and reintroduction. In: Shepherdson, D J, Mellen, J D and Hutchins, M (eds) Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals pp 97–112. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC, USAGoogle Scholar
Nassar-Montoya, F 1999 La liberación como alternativa técnica para el manejo y disposición de animales silvestres. In: Drews, C (ed) Rescate de Fauna en el Neotrópico pp 451–463. Editorial Universidad Nacional: Heredia, Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Nassar-Montoya, F and Crane, R 2000 (eds) Actitudes hacia la Fauna Silvestre en Latinoamérica. Humane Society International, Humane Society Press and Centro de Primatologia Araguatos: Washington DC, USAGoogle Scholar
Olney, P J S, Mace, G M and Feistner, A T C (eds) 1994 Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. Chapman & Hall: London, UKCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, J D 1992 Primate Behaviour: An Exercise Workbook. Waveland Press: Illinois, USAGoogle Scholar
Reeve, N J 1998 The survival and welfare of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) after release back into the wild. Animal Welfare 7: 189–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J G and Janson, C H 1987 Capuchins, squirrel monkeys and atelines: Socioecological convergence with old world primates. In: Smuts, B B, Cheney, D L, Seyfarth, R M, Wrangham, R W and Struhsaker, T T (eds) Primates Societies pp 69–82. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USAGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Garcia, M, Alvarez, D, Nassar, F, Avila, S, Rojas, S, Gardeazabal, J and Angarita, L 1999 Preliminary RFLP's mtDNA analysis in five Colombian primate species (Cebus apella, Cebus albifrons, Saimirí sciureus, Lagothix lagotricha and Alouatta seniculus): Mitochondrial genetic diversity analysis. Primates 40: 78–94Google Scholar
Ruiz-Garcia, M, Castillo, M I, Alvarez, D, Gardeazabal, J, Borrero, L, Ramirez, M D, Carillo, M, Nassar, F and Galvez, H (in press) Estudio de 14 especies de primates platirrinos (géneros Cebus, Saimirí, Aotus, Saguinus, Lagothix, Alouatta y Ateles) utilizando 10 loci microsatélites: Análisis de la diversidad genética y de la detección de los cuellos de botella con propósitos conservacionistas. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 2000Google Scholar
Sanchez, R 1999 Rescate, rehabilitación y liberación de primates en el bosque premontano húmedo de San Ramon, Costa Rica. In: Drews, C (ed) Rescate de Fauna en el Neotrópico pp 36–372. Editorial Universidad Nacional: Heredia, Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, G 1966 The Study of Mammal Movements: A Review. Journal of Wildlife Management 30: 215–233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherdson, D 1994 The role of environmental enrichment in the captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered species. In: Olney P J S, Mace G M and Feistner A T C (eds) Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals pp 167-177. Chapman & Hall: London, UKCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley Price, MR 1991 A review of mammal re-introductions, and the role of the re-introduction specialist group of IUCN/SSC. In: Gipps, J H (ed) Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62: Beyond Captive Breeding: Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild pp 9–26. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UKGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, P, Quiñones, M and Ahumada, J 1991 Relación entre la abundancia de frutos y estrategias alimenticias de cuatro especies de primates en la Macarena, Colombia. Trabajo de Grado para optar por el Titulo de Biólogo, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, ColombiaGoogle Scholar
Terborgh, J 1983 Five New World Primates: A Study in Comparative Ecology. Princeton University Press: Princeton, USAGoogle Scholar
Weber, S and Weisel, S 1999 Rescate, rehabilitación y liberación de felinos silvestres en Costa Rica. In: Drews, C (ed) Rescate de Fauna en el Neotrópico pp 373–392. Editorial Universidad Nacional: Heredia, Costa RicaGoogle Scholar
Wiley, J W, Snyder, N F R and Gnam, R S 1992 Reintroduction as a conservation strategy for parrots. In: Beissinger, S R and Snyder, N F R (eds) New World Parrots in Crisis pp 165–200. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC, USAGoogle Scholar
Wilson, A C and Stanley Price, M R 1994 Reintroduction as a Reason for Captive Breeding. In: Olney, P J S, Mace, G M and Feistner, A T C (eds) Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals pp 243–254. Chapman & Hall: London, UKCrossRefGoogle Scholar