Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T05:19:13.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A note on variations in pig blood temperature measured at exsanguination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

SN Brown*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
TG Knowles
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
LJ Wilkins
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
SJ Pope
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
PJ Kettlewell
Affiliation:
ADAS, Boxworth, Cambridgeshire, CB3 8NN, UK
SA Chadd
Affiliation:
Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, Gloucester GL7 6JS, UK
PD Warriss
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
*
* Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study investigated the temperature of pigs’ blood as it flowed from the sticking wound at exsanguination using infra-red thermometry and how it might reflect changes in core body temperature. A total of 417 pigs were monitored over a three-day period, which included a subset of 206 pigs for which additional information concerning transport conditions and ambient temperature was also known. The range of blood temperatures recorded was large (35.6-43.2°C) with a significant number of the animals found to have blood temperatures above the pigs’ normal temperature (39 ± l°C). Within the subset of pigs, average blood temperature of all the pigs in a pen at slaughter appeared to be related to pen temperatures and position on the lorry and was sensitive enough to detect changes in environmental ambient conditions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2007 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

References

Allen, WM and Smith, LP 1974 Deaths during and after transportation of pigs in Great Britain. Proceedings of the 20th European Meeting of Meat Research Workers pp 45. 15-20 September 1974, Dublin, The Republic of IrelandGoogle Scholar
Blood, DC, Radostitis, OM and Henderson, JA 1983 Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. Balliere Tundall: London, UKGoogle Scholar
de Jong, IC, Lambooij, E, Korle, SM, Blokhuis, HJ and Koolhuis, JM 1999 Mixing induces long term hyperthermia in growing pigs. Animal Science 69: 601605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabiansson, S, Lundstrom, K and Hansson, I 1979 Mortality among pigs during transport and waiting time before slaughter in Sweden. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 9: 2528Google Scholar
Grandin, T 2002 Behavioural considerations in animal transport design. London Science Conference: Conquering the Challenges pp 41-46. 11-12 April 2002, London, UKGoogle Scholar
Hanneman, SK, Jesurum-Urbaitis, JT and Bickel, DR 2004 Comparison of methods of temperature measurement in swine. Laboratory animals 38(3): 297306CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingram, JR, Cook, CJ and Harris, PJ 2000 The effect of transport on core and peripheral body temperature and heart rate of sheep. Animal Welfare 11(1): 103112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluger, MJ, O'Reilly, BS, Hope, TR and Vander, AJ 1987 Further evidence that stress hyperthermia is a fever. Physiology Behaviour 39: 763766CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowles, TG, Brown, SN, Edwards, JE and Warriss, PD 1998 Ambient temperatures below which pigs should not be continuously showered in lairage. Vet Record 143: 575578CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambooij, G and van Putten, E 1993 Transport of pigs. In: Grandin, ET (ed) Livestock Handling and Transport. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UKGoogle Scholar
Lendfers, LH 1970 Transport stress in pigs. In: Proceedings of the symposium on stress in the pig pp 5657. 20-21 October 1970, Beerse, Belgium: Janssen Pharmaceutica, BelgiumGoogle Scholar
Lefcourt, AM and Adams, WR 1996 Radiotelemetry measurement of body temperatures of feedlot steers during summer. Journal of Animal Science 74: 26332640CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meat and Livestock Commission 1993 The Pig Yearbook pp 5253. Meat and Livestock Commission: Milton Keynes, United KingdomGoogle Scholar
Parrot, PF and Lloyd, DM 1995 Restraint but not frustration induces prostaglandin mediated hyperthermia in pigs. Physiology Behaviour 57: 10511055CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrott, RF, Lloyd, DM and Brown, D 1999 Transport stress and exercise hyperthermia recorded in sheep by radiotelemetry. Animal Welfare 8(1): 2734Google Scholar
Shipp, NJ, Scroop, GC, Kackson, SC, Holmes, MD, Thornton, AT and Gore, CJ 2004 Rectal temperature correction overestimates the frequency of exercise-induced hypoxemia. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36(7): 11111116CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warriss, PD and Brown, SN 1994 A survey of mortality in slaughter pigs during transport and lairage. Vet Record 134: 513515Google ScholarPubMed
Warriss, PD, Brown, SN, Knowles, TG, Wilkins, LJ, Pope, SJ, Chadd, SA, Kettlewell, PJ and Green, NR 2006 Comparison of the effects of fan-assisted and natural ventilation of vehicles on the welfare of pigs being transported to slaughter. Vet Record 158: 585588CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed