Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:50:21.540Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rumen degradation of straw 9. Effect of cellulase and ammonia treatment on different varieties of rice straws and their botanical fractions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

Y. Nakashima  and
E. R. Ørskov
Y. Nakashima
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
E. R. Ørskov
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
Get access

Abstract

The composition and degradability of four varieties of rice straw were examined. The varieties were tall or short and early or late maturing. The straws and their botanical parts (leaf blade plus leaf sheath, internode, node and chaff) varied in acid-detergent fibre, ash and silica contents, but not in nitrogen and neutral-detergent fibre. There were some trends but no significant difference in proportions of parts between varieties. Milled samples of whole straw and its parts were either untreated, treated with a cellulase preparation plus propionic acid, treated with ammonia, or treated with cellulase then ammonia. Rumen degradability was measured by incubating the samples in polyester bags suspended in the rumen of sheep. The soluble fraction and potential degradability were greater in untreated short and early than in tall and late varieties, but rates of degradation did not vary significantly. Internode was more degradable than leaf. Cellulase and/or ammonia treatments increased the soluble fraction, especially in tall and late varieties, and increased potential degradabiiity except in internode. Degradability correlated positively with ash and silica contents.

Keywords

ammonia treatmentcellulasedegradationrice straw
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 309 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 12th edition, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bainton, S. J., Plumb, V. E., Capper, B. S. and Juliano, B. O. 1987. Botanical composition, chemical analysis and cellulase solubility of rice straw from different varieties. Animal Production 44: 481 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Bhargava, P. K., Ørskov, E. R. and Walli, T. K. 1988. Rumen degradation of straw. 4. Selection and degradation of morphological components of barley straw by sheep. Animal Production 47: 105–110.Google Scholar
Hartley, R. D., Deschard, G., Keene, A. S. and Mason, V. C. 1984. Changes in the chemical constitution of cereal straw and poor quality hay during upgrading. In Improvements in the Nutritive Value of Crops and By-products by Chemical or Biological Treatments. Proceeding of 2nd Seminar on the Upgrading of Crops and By-products, Hurley, pp. 11–14. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.Google Scholar
Khrnan, J. A., Coxworth, E. C., Crowle, W. L. and Spukr, D. T. 1984. The nutritional value of crop residue components from several wheat cultivars grown at different fertilizer levels. Animal Feed Science and Technology 11: 301–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehrez, A. Z. and Ørskov, E. R. 1977. A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88: 645–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakashima, Y. and Ørskov, E. R. 1989. Rumen degradation of straw. 7. Effects of chemical pre-treatment and addition of propionic acid on degradation characteristics of botanical fractions of barley straw treated with a cellulase preparation. Animal Production 48: 543–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakashima, Y., Ørskov, E. R., Hotten, P. M., Ambo, K. and Takase, Y. 1988. Rumen degradation of straw. 6. Effects of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw. Animal Production 47: 421–427.Google Scholar
Numakawa, T. and Hirose, M. 1974. Studies on the chemical component of rice straw for live-stock feeding in Tohoku Districts — the relationship between cultural conditions and variation of the crude protein contents of rice straw. Bulletin of the Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station No. 48, pp. 92–122.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. 1987. Treated straw for ruminants. Research and Development in Agriculture 4: 65–69.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., Reid, G. W. and Kay, M. 1988. Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughages. Animal Production 46: 29–34.Google Scholar
Orskov, E. R. and Shand, W. J. 1987. The effect of type and variety of cereals on nutritive value of straw. Pira Paper and Board Division, Leatherhead, Surrey, pp. 19–30.Google Scholar
Ramanzin, M., Ørskov, E. R. and Tuah, A. K. 1986. Rumen degradation of straw. 2. Botanical fractions of straw from two barley cultivars. Animal Production 43: 271–278.Google Scholar
Reid, G. W. and Ørskov, E. R. 1987. The effect of variety, type of straw and ammonia treatment on digestibility and growth rate in steers. Animal Production 44: 480 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Sannasgala, K. and Jayasuriya, M. C. N. 1984. Effect of physiological and morphological characteristics on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of different varieties of rice straw. In The Utilization of Fibrous Agricultural Residues as Animal Feeds (ed. Doyle, P. T.), pp. 47–53. School of Agricultural Forestry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria.Google Scholar
Shand, W. J., Shehata, O., Ørskov, E. R. and Morrice, A. E. 1987. Studies on botanical proportions and nutritive value of varieties of cereal straws and the ability of sheep to select the botanical part with the greatest value. Animal Production 44: 480–481 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Snedrcor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1976. Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Ia.Google Scholar
Tuah, A. K., Lufadeju, E., Ørskov, E. R. and Blackett, G. A. 1986. Rumen degradation of straw. 1. Untreated and ammonia-treated barley, oat and wheat straw varieties and triticale straw. Animal Production 43: 261–269.Google Scholar
Van soest, P. J. 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fiber and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46: 829–835.Google Scholar
Van soest, P. J. and Wink, R. H. 1967. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. 4. Determination of plant cell-wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 50: 50–55.Google Scholar
Walli, T. K., Ørskov, E. R. and Bhargava, P. K. 1988. Rumen degradation of straw. 3. Botanical fractions of two rice straw varieties and effects of ammonia treatment. Animal Production 46: 347–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar